Chap 2

• Ethics involves the principles, both explicit and implicit, guiding moral distinctions between good and bad, right and wrong.
• In the context of research, ethics emphasizes researchers' responsibility to maintain honesty, respect, and the well-being of human and animal participants.
• Unethical actions or behaviors in research breach established ethical standards, such as plagiarism, fabrication of data, inadequate informed consent, violation of privacy, or mistreatment of research subjects.
• Deception in research involves deliberate misleading or withholding of information from research participants, compromising the voluntary and informed nature of their consent, and potentially causing harm or undermining the integrity of the study.
• Invasion of privacy in research involves unauthorized intrusion into an individual's private life, collecting or disclosing personal information without proper consent, violating confidentiality, and compromising the privacy rights of research participants.
• Lack of confidentiality in research involves failure to uphold the privacy and confidentiality of research participants' information, leading to the unauthorized disclosure or sharing of sensitive data, undermining trust and violating ethical standards.
• Coercion of participant in research involves exerting undue pressure or influence on research participants to participate against their free will, compromising voluntary and informed consent.
• Physical and mental stress in research involves subjecting research participants to excessive physical or psychological burdens beyond acceptable levels, leading to potential harm.
• Benefits deprivation of members in the control groups involves situations where participants assigned to control groups are intentionally denied benefits or interventions that are standard or known to be effective.
• Scientific misconduct involves various actions that deviate from the accepted standards within the scientific community, including fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or other unethical behaviors that compromise the integrity of the research process, publication, or reporting of findings.
• Ethics in animal research acknowledges animals' intrinsic value and capacity for suffering, emphasizing the moral responsibility to consider their welfare.
• Ethical animal research is guided by principles such as respecting dignity, minimizing suffering, and ensuring openness in data sharing, requiring expertise, due care, and a commitment to reducing the impact on animal subjects.