Chapter 16

• Political and social changes reshape the world during the Atlantic Revolutions.
• The Atlantic Revolutions were unique in their regional nature and their close connections through revolutionary leaders.
• The Atlantic Revolutions promoted "Democratic" ideals, setting terms for political debates, and charting a new course for humanity.
• The North American Revolution, 1775-1787, led to the creation of the United States but did not bring much change other than political to the already colonized states.
• Napoleon Bonaparte, a revolutionary paradox, kept equality and got rid of liberty, ended feudalism, claimed religious tolerance.
• The French Revolution, 1789-1815, had a greater global impact and dealt more with social inequality.
• The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804, was the most immediate and loud.
• Robespierre, a radical leader in France, killed thousands by the guillotine and was responsible for the massacres and the beheading of the King and Queen.
• The Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1825, were a series of revolutions.
• The American Connection: war debt, The Three Estates, resentment of monarch for taking advantage, The National Assembly, what happened when third estate broke away, The DOROMAC.
• Contrasting French and American revolutions had complex motivations, with the French being political, social, economic, and cultural, and the Americans being political and political.
• Napoleon Bonaparte kept equality and got rid of liberty, ended feudalism, claimed religious tolerance.
• An unusual social hierarchy during the Haitian Revolution had bottom African slaves, people of color, poor whites, and rich whites.
• Robespierre was beheaded as well and his death marked a transition from violence in the war.
• Slave revolt, civil war, and foreign invasion occurred during the Haitian Revolution.
• Toussaint Louverture, a former slave, united slaves, dealt with foreign invaders, defeated Napoléon's forces, and became a prisoner and died.
• Napoléon's invasion of Spain and Portugal, which created a political power vacuum, occurred during the Haitian Revolution.
• The shadow of social rebellion after Haiti made it difficult to unite people.
• Simon Bolivar, imagined creation of a super state of latin america, and Jose San Martin were involved in the Independence without unity or social revolution; loss of super state dream.
• The rebellion was ultimately taken down by the British authorities, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of slaves and the execution of Sharpe and other rebel leaders.
• Nationalism: Unification and separatism.
• Enlightenment attacks on tradition and promotion of liberty stemming from feminism.
• The rebellion was one of the largest and most significant uprisings in British Caribbean colonies.
• Emancipation without compensation: Setting free slaves without payments to their masters.
• Economic reality, made slavery look inefficient.
• Nationalism and international conflict: world wars.
• Reactions: Left Support and Right Opposition.
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a prominent American suffragist, social activist, and abolitionist.
• Maternal feminism was a movement in feminism that centered around women being mothers and caregivers.
• Public brutality.
• Emancipation in Russia, Africa and Dar-Al Islam.
• Resistance to Abolition was mostly in southern states of U.S.
• Nationalism beyond Europe.
• The “nation” as a new idea; political power rests in the hands of the people.
• The rebellion was led by a Baptist deacon Samuel Sharpe.
• Mary Wollstonecraft book gave early statements to feminism and Seneca Falls conference first organized feminist expression.
• The rebellion was very similar to the Spanish american revolutions.
• Raden Kartini, was another famous women's rights activist in indonesia.
• Enlightenment philosophy became more critical of slavery.
• Only nation who held a war to end slavery.