Early African Kingdoms

• Timbuktu, a West African City, was described as a commercial center and a busy market.
• Sahara trade was dominated by two products: gold and salt.
• Gold was in abundance in Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal.
• Sahara was rich with salt.
• Almoravids, a group of Muslim Berbers.
• Almoravids ,attacked Koumbi Saleh in order to make

  people there better Muslims.
• Sundiata was the leader of Mali, a province of Ghana.
• One of the most famous mansas or kings of Mali was Sundiata’s nephew Mansa Musa.
• Timbuktu was taken over by the nomadic raiders

  known as the Tuaregs.
• Timbuktu was attacked and captured by Sunni Ali
• The wealthy trading city of Djenne was Sunni Ali’s next target.
• Askia Mohammad took control of Songhai and set out to conquer more lands.
• Timbuktu became a leading center of Islamic learning.
• Songhai was considered as the most organized.
• The Moroccans captured Timbuktu