Microbiology

• Microbiology is the study of tiny life
• Bacteriology is the study of bacteria and how to interacts with other organisms
• Phycology is the study of algae and their relationship with the environment
• Mycology is the study of fungi and their interactions with humans and the environment
• Protozoology is the study of protozoa
• Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes
• Spontaneous generation is the theory that living things arise from no matter or magic
• Specific disease is caused by specific organisms
• Pasteurization is the process of heating food to kill bacteria
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek used his own design of microscopes to observe cells
• Koch's postulates state that an organism must be isolated, grown on artificial media, reintroduced into the host, and cause the same symptoms as it did originally
• Louis Pasteur proved spontaneous generation was false
• Pasteur used a bulbous glass to test for microbial development
• Robert Koch developed staining techniques to identify pathogens
• Pasteurization led to fermentation and development of vaccine
• Penicillin is produced by Penicillium notatum
• Bacteria cause disease as the agent must be present in the person and isolated and grown outside the host
• Exceptions is Koch's postulates include organisms having carriers, certain organisms have natural immunity and some cause disease in the weak and immunocompromised
• Florence Nightingale insisted clothes and items from diseased patients can be serrated from the health population to prevent disease spread
• John snow was involved with epidemiology
• Edward Jenner invented the small pox vaccine
• Louis Pasteur developed pasteurization
• Robert koch discovered tuberculosis bacteria
• Penicillin is an antibiotic that kills gram positive bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
• Joseph Lister introduced phenol to treat surgical wounds and insisted on handwashing before surgery
• Paul Erlich built the first synthetic drug to treat infections
• Willoughby miller found microorganisms of the mouth
• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the grandfather of the microscope, a tailor who invented the microscope
• Antagonistic relationship is when neither species benefits, negative effect
• Synergistic relationship is when there is benefits between two organisms
• Symbiosis is a type of interaction between two microorganisms that benefits both organisms
• Mutualism is an example of symbiosis where both organisms benefit from one another
• Commensalism is an example of symbiosis where only one organism benefits from the other
• Protists are eukaryotic cells with no cell wall or flagella
• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, lack membrane-bound organelles, and contain circular DNA.
• Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and linear chromosomes.
• Commensalisms is where one benefits and the second doesn't but no harm is done
• Amensalism is where no one benefits and the other is harmed
• Good microbes are important for oxygen contributing nutrients and enzymes, prevent harmful organisms from taking over
• 3 percent of microorganisms believed to cause disease aka pathogens