TERMINOLOGY

• NUCLEOSOMES- DNA wrapped around Histones.
• DNA REPLICATION - The process by which cells make exact copies of their genetic material.
• CHROMATIN FIBERS - A complex structure made up of DNA, histone proteins, and other molecules that packages the DNA into compact structures called chromosomes.
• CHROMATIN - A complex of proteins (histone) and DNA that makes up the bulk of eukaryotic chromosomes.
• HETEROCHROMATIN- condensed DNA that causes cell division
• CHROMOSOMES-Form during cell division inside homologous pairs
• LOCUS-location of the gene
• ALLELE- Alternative form of genes
• CENTROMERE- A region of DNA that is found in the middle of a chromosome. It is one of the parts that holds the sister chromatids along with the COHESINS
• TELOMERE- Has a role in replication
• SISTER CHROMATIDS- They are held together by the centromeres and the cohesino. They are basically duplicated chromosomes
• COHESIN- Protein that holds sister chromatids together.
• SHUGOSHIN- Prevents the degradation of cohesin before the anaphase stage and holds the centromeres of the sister chromatids together and until the mitotic phase.
• SEPARASE- Degrades cohesin to free sister chromatids.
• HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES- Same set of chromosomes that come from the maternal and paternal parents
• TETRAD- 4 sister chromatids
• SYNAPSIS- Pairing up chromosomes
• DYAD-double chromosomes that come from separating the Tetrad
• BIVALENTS- comes from homologous synapsed pairs
• CHIASMA-Leads to crossing over or recombination