Anat myo

• The subscapular nerve, also a branch of the brachial plexus, supplies the muscles of the shoulder joint, including the subscapularis.
• The suprascapular nerve, another branch of the brachial plexus, supplies the muscles of the shoulder joint, including the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis.
• The coracoid process of the scapula is the origin of the nerve supply to the muscles of the shoulder joint.
• The axillary nerve, a branch of the brachial plexus, supplies the muscles of the shoulder joint, including the deltoideus, teres minor, teres major, and subscapularis.
• The brachialis muscle is a long, thin muscle that lies in the brachialis groove of the humerus, a large part of its lateral surface is covered by the lateral head of the triceps, and distally it runs medial to the origin of the extensor carpi radialis.
• The anconeus muscle is a small muscle located almost completely in the olecranon fossa, the most distal fibers lie in a transverse plane.
• The triceps brachii is the strongest muscle of the thoracic limb and fills the space between the scapula and the humerus, originally known as anconeus, with four heads: long bridges the humerus, lateral is distal to the long head, proximal to the elbow and lateral to the accessory head, accessory is between the lateral and medial heads, and medial is caudal to the humerus.
• The musculocutaneous nerve, a branch of the brachial plexus, supplies the muscles of the shoulder joint, including the coracobrachialis.
• The biceps brachii is a long, fusiform muscle lying on the cranial surface of the humerus and with only one head, covered superficially by the pectoral muscles, and is held in place by the transverse humeral retinaculum.
• The musculocutaneous nerve originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts at the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus, adducting and extending the shoulder.
• Pronation is the movement of the palmar side of the paw or foot downward or backward.
• Fasciae are connective tissue sheaths composed mainly of bundles of white fibers, with a greater or less admixture of elastic fibers in some cases, investing individual muscles.
• Areolar tissue is a loose, irregularly connective tissue that often contains fat.
• Superficial structures of the thoracic limb include subcutaneous tissue, areolar tissue, superficial fascia, deep fascia, cutaneous trunci, and subcutaneous tissue.
• A synovial tendon sheath is a sac folded or wrapped around a tendon so that the two layers can be distinguished, with the inner one adherent to the tendon, improving the gliding of the tendon upon a bony prominence.
• Supination is the movement of the forearm so the palmar side is rotated upward or forward.
• Circumduction is the movement of an extremity that describes the surface of a cone, involving Flexion-Abduction-Extension-ADduction.
• A synovial bursa is a simple connective tissue sac which is placed at a point of unusual pressure between a tendon or muscle and some underlying structure, commonly a prominence of a skeleton, protecting the tendon.
• Nerves and blood vessels enter together at the hilus.
• Deep fascia is more firmly attached to the muscle that it encloses, composed of one or more layers of dense fibrous tissue, with its deep face attached to bones, ligaments and tendons, and may pass in between muscles as intermuscular septa.
• Cutaneous muscles are usually a pale variant of skeletal muscle with no direct attachment to the skeleton.
• The muscles of the thoracic limb are divided into the Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (Extrinsic Muscles) and Intrinsic Muscles.
• Rotation is the movement of a part around its long axis.
• Superficial fascia is located beneath the skin forming the deep portion of the subcutaneous tissue that covers the entire body.
• Sesamoid bones are located in certain tendons or joint capsules as small, rounded nodules, protecting tendons which pass over bony prominences, increasing the surface area for attachment of tendons over certain joints, and serving to redirect the pull of tendons so that greater effective force can be applied to the part being moved.
• Muscular attachments include connective tissue between muscle fibers, origin, belly, tendon, insertion, and bone.
• Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the median plane, either in the digits or in the arms.
• Cleidobrachialis originates from the Clavicular intersection and inserts on the dorsum of the neck.
• Omotransversarius is in a deeper plane than the brachiocephalicus and is covered cranially by the cervical part.
• Latissimus dorsi is innervated by the Thoracodorsal nerve.
• Cleidocephalicus is further subdivided into superficial cleidocervicalis and deep cleidomastoideus.
• Omotransversarius action is to flex the neck laterally (fixed) and to advance the limb (free).
• Deep (ascending) pectoral muscle is the broad muscle lying ventrally on the thorax, it extends from the sternum to the humerus and is larger and longer than the superficial pectoral muscles, it lies under the skin and the thoracic mammae, and only the cranial part is covered by the superficial pectoral muscles.
• Omotransversarius is a straplike muscle that extends from the shoulder region to the cervical vertebrae and is related to the deep cervical fascia, medially.
• Omotransversarius is innervated by the Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI).
• Superficial pectoral muscles are the two muscles lying under the skin in the cranioventral part of the thorax between the cranial part of the sternum and the humerus, divided into two parts based on fiber direction: Descending Pectoral and Transverse Pectoral.
• Transverse Pectoral originates from the first 2 or 3 sternebrae and inserts on the tendinous part of the greater tubercle of humerus.
• Latissimus dorsi action is to flex the shoulder joint (fixed) and draw the free limb backward during flexion of the shoulder as in digging (free).
• Omotransversarius is associated with superficial cervical lymph nodes.
• Descending Pectoral originates from the first sternebra (manubrium) and inserts on the crest of the greater tubercle of humerus.