Periodontics

• Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth.
• Endodontics involves diagnosing and treating diseases of the dental pulp.
• Percussion test is used to diagnose inflammation of lymph nodes.
• Pulpal probing provides information if there is a root fracture or pathosis of pulpal origin.
• Pulp tests include cold test, warm test, and electric pulp test (EPT).
• Cold test uses a cold stimulus, while warm test uses a hot stimulus.
• Electric pulp test (EPT) is useful and essential to help establish the health of the dental pulp.
• This test is not for the patient with pacemakers because it is sensitive to electromagnetic radiations.
• There are two types of responses in electric pulp test (EPT): fast positive response and slow positive response.
• Fast positive response is when the tooth is non-vital but still responding.
• Slow positive response is when the tooth is vital.
• Electric pulp test (EPT) is the most reliable source of pain detection.
• The simplest method to determine the number of wall defects is not specified in the text.
• A shift to Gram (-) obligate anaerobic bacteria occurs during the fourth day.
• The oral cavity resembles that of an adult by age 4-5.
• Severe signs of bruxism include earache, toothache, and headache.
• Wall-defect progression can be indicated by changes in the number of wall defects.
• Treatment of osteoporotic craters involves determining the number of wall defects.
• The best method to determine the number of wall defects is not specified in the text.
• Bruxism is an aggressive, repetitive and continuous grinding or clenching of teeth caused by stress.
• Night Guard is the earliest sign of bruxism.
• Paroxetine, Amphetamine-derived, and SSRI are examples of drugs that can cause bruxism.
• There is an initial colonization of Gram (+) facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity.
• The main cause of bruxism is stress.
• Preferred pain region includes forehead, maxillary canines, maxillary premolars, maxillary molars, mandibular incisors, mandibular canines, and mandibular molars.
• A rubber dam is used to maintain the border of the rubber dam.
• Indirect pulp capping is indicated for peri-radicular pathoses.
• The size of a rubber dam sheath is 6x6 inches.
• Direct pulp capping indications include mechanical damage to the pulp, as long as there is no infection.
• Young's frame is the most common type of rubber dam frame.
• Punching the rubber dam can cause damage to the tooth and gingival tissue.
• Woodbury's frame is another type of rubber dam frame.
• A rubber dam is used to prevent skin contact and is placed between the rubber dam and patient's skin.
• Materials used for indirect pulp capping include calcium hydroxide or MTA.
• The recall time for indirect pulp capping is 3-4 months.
• The most ideal isolating method is to isolate the tooth from the oral environment.
• Primary teeth are used for the removal of retailer from the tooth.
• A rubber dam puncher is a precision instrument with a rotating 6 holes and a tapered, sharp-pointed plunger.
• Pulpitis, also known as hyperemia, is a condition characterized by severe and momentary pain in the tooth due to an inflammation of the pulp.
• Irreversible pulpitis, also known as acute pulpitis, is a condition characterized by moderate pain in the tooth due to an inflammation of the pulp.