Different forms of society

• HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY the earliest and

  simplest form of society.
• HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY are nomadic because they spend most of their time searching for food and thus,

  have no permanent territory
• HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY - roles of its members and the division of labor are not very clearly

  defined.
• HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY

  • primary institution is the family
  • uses simple technology (stones and wood) to hunt animals and
  • gather vegetation for survival.
• Tribal - members shared an

  ancestral heritage and a common set of

  traditions and rituals. which? (hunting and gathering society)
• TWO SPECIALIZED POSITIONS: of H&G

  ● Headman - the political leader

  ● Shaman - who acts as the spiritual leader.
• PASTORAL SOCIETY - characterized by the

  domestication of animals for food for a

  more stable and predictable food supply.
• PASTORAL SOCIETY - have large

  populations and remain longer in one place.
• HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY - primarily engages in the

  small-scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and

  vegetables, and the domestication of

  animals
• HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY is semi-nomadic
• HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

  Roles and responsibilities are more clearly defined with many tasks assigned according to gender.
• Individuals in HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY are very family and

  clan-oriented, and their behaviors and

  actions are RESTRICTED BY TRADITION.
• HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY uses sticks or hoe-like instruments - used to punch holes in the ground so that crops could

  be planted.
• HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY - is almost the same as the horticulturalist are the fishermen and herdsmen (shepherds)
• Fishing Societies

  ➔ have more definite home sites and

  permanent residences.

  ➔ They have less inclination to travel

  as compared with hunters and

  gatherers because catching fish
• Herding Societies

  ➔ Relies on the domestication and

  breeding of animals for food.

  ➔ Domesticating animals allows for a

  more manageable food supply than

  hunting and gathering.
• AGRARIAN OR AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY - type of society is a further evolution of

  the pastoral and horticultural societies.
• AGRARIAN OR AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY - involves the large-scale and

  long-term cultivation of crops and

  domestication of animals.
• Advantages of agrarian:1 Harnessing of animal

  2. The development of metal tools

  3. The use of the wheel

  4. Improved knowledge of irrigation and fertilization
• in agrarian society, Farmers provided warriors with food in

  exchange for protection against invasion by

  enemies
• AGRARIAN A system of rulers with high social status

  also appeared. This nobility organized warriors to protect

  the society from invasion.
• Feudal Society is based on the ownership of land (fief).
• In a feudal society, lords (rulers and owners

  of big tracts of land) grant their vassals

  (followers) the right to manage parcels of

  land.
• Members of feudal societies are organized based

  on status
• feudal societ are OFTEN TRADITIONAL AND ARE

  RESISTANT TO SOCIAL CHANGE, preferring

  to maintain the way things are in their

  community.
• INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY - This is based on the use of specialized

  machinery in the production of goods and

  services.
• The capitalists (bourgeoisie) were the most

  influential, while the workers (proletariat)

  were greatly disadvantaged.
• An important factor in social relations is the

  workplace - Industrial society
• industrial society uses advanced sources of energy, rather

  than humans and animals, to run large

  machinery.
• POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

  This society is marked by the establishment

  of societies based on knowledge,

  information, and the sale of services.
• VIRTUAL SOCIETY is a product of a post-industrial society.
• VIRTUAL SOCIETY

  Where people organize themselves through

  communication technology and the Internet,
• But despite these advancements and

  changes, the human person remains the

  heart and center of society.
• The person is the primary agent of change,

  as he or she drives social changes based on

  responses to events and developments

  affecting society.