SOCIETY

• Society is an organized group of people and have a common territory and culture
• Society to philosophers is a product of deliberate actions
• Humans can influence society through their actions
• the survival of a human being is essentially rooted in society and human relations
• Natural state is an imagined humans removed from modernity and civilizations
• Social contract theory, made during the enlightenment
• Enlightenment philosophers: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau
• according to Thomas Hobbes people in natural state are governed by their desires which led to conflict with their fellowmen.
• according to Thomas Hobbes, social contract is an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority
• according to John Locke, people in their natural state are more cooperative and reasonable and society is formed through the consent of the individuals called "Consent of the governed"
• Rousseau believes that the general will is what is best for everyone as a whole
• according to John Locke if an authority fail, it will be discarded and replaced with a new one
• according to Jean Jacques Rousseau, it was madness for people to forfeit their natural freedom
• General will is the believed that even if the people are the ones who organized society and established an authority or government in extreme cases, the government can impose its will on the people
• People have empowered the government to act on their behalf, which are the best judge of what is the most beneficial for society
• Society, derived from the Latin word Socius which means a companion, association, or fellowship
• Hobbes' Leviathan is considered as the first work of social contract theory
• Society means humans always live in the company of their fellow human beings
• George Simmel - remark that sociability is the essence of society
• society refer to the members of specific groups like Dayak society in Borneo, refers to some institutions like the Society of Jesus, refers to an association like consumer's society, co-operative society, or cultural society
• Society used in the sense of a group such as rural society or urban society
• in Sociology, society refers to the complex pattern of the norms or interaction or relationship that arise among them
• Society is abstract, not concrete, in nature
• society is viewed as a process of living not a thing, a motion rather than structure
• A system of social relationships is the most important aspect of society
• according to sociologists, there are two types of definition of society structural and functional
• Structural views of society - nothing but a structure

  it refers to the social heritage of folkways, mores, ideals, institutions, and habits
• four philosophers mentioned in the video: Morris Ginsberg, F.H. Giddings, G.D.H Cole, J.F. Cuber
• Who from 4? Ginsburg

  "A society is a collection of individuals united by certain relations or modes of behaviors which mark them off from others who do not enter into these relations or who differ from them in behavior."
• Who from 4? Giddings

  "...the union itself, the organization, the sum of formal relations in which associated individuals are bound together."
• Who from 4? Cole

  "society is the complex of organized associations and institutions within the community."
• Who from 4? Cuber

  "society may be defined as a group of people who have lived long enough to become organized and to consider themselves and be considered as a unit more or less distinct from other human units."
• according to functional views of society, it is a process of social relationships
• Functional views of philosophy philosophers: Robert Morrison Maclever, Charles H. Page, Talcott Parsons, Charles H. Cooley, and Eleanor Burke Leacock
• Elements or characteristic of Society:

  1. Population
  2. Likeness
  3. Differences
  4. Interdependence
  5. Cooperative and Conflict
  6. Society as a Network or Web of Relationships
  7. Permanent Nature
  8. Society as Abstract
  9. Society as Dynamic
  10. Comprehensive Culture
• Society came from the latin word "Socius" that means companion, association, or fellowship
• IN SOCIOLOGY: society refers not to a group of

  people but to the complex pattern of the

  norms or interaction or relationships that

  arise among them
• GEORGE Simmel To remark that sociability is the essence of

  society.
• The person and the Society have a very dynamic relationship in which one cannot exist without the other
• The survival of a human being is essentially

  rooted in society and human relations.