Long term memory types

• What is long term memory

  Storage of memories over a lengthy time period. Suggested there are 3 types.

  These are either declarative meaning you can access consciously and express memory in words.

  Or non declarative: not consciously recalled and difficult to speak in words.
• Who found that there are three types?

  TULVING
• What are the types of long term memory

  episodic, semantic, procedural
• What is episodic memory?


  Memory of our lives and what we have done.

  Needs to be consciously recalled and we can remember when we learned these memories

  EXAMPLE: first time ate an ice cream
• What is semantic memory

  General knowledge of world around us

  Needs to be consciously recalled but we don't need to remember where we learnt info

  EG: when the first WW1 happened
• What is procedural memory

  Knowledge to perform basic actions and skills.

  Does not need to be consciously recalled

  Often automatically do these actions without effort

  EXAMPLE: ride a bike
• AO3: :) research support from HM and Clive wearing

  HM and Clive = brain damage in accident

  Unable to recall episodic memories but could walk/talk and recall general knowledge.

  = procedural and semantic stores both intact

  Suggesting separate from episodic

  EG HM: couldn't recall he petted a dog earlier, but could give definition of a dog

  TMT: inline with what TULVING said
• AO3: :( Clinical case studies = lack control over variables

  Didn't properly control study

  Unreliable = not tested on memory abilities before brain damage.

  No knowledge of memories before, don't know whether brains are truly damaged/ how are different

  TMT: case studies although provide rich-in-depth data = unreliable source of support for separate stores of LTM
• AO3: :) real world application

  Help people w/ memory problems = implications for psychological therapy.

  As age = memory loss = specific to episodic memory which can deteriorate into diseases like dementia.

  Psychologists = use info to improve episodic memories in older people.

  TMT: application to specific treatments