2.3 Introduction to Memory

• In the encoding process, sensory input is converted into a mental representation
• What does the encoding process refer to?

  Transform information for storage
• What are the three main types of memory storage?

  Sensory, short-term, long-term
• What is the key feature of long-term memory?

  Unlimited capacity
• What is the definition of memory?

  Store, retain, recall information
• Retrieval refers to recalling stored information
• Elaboration involves connecting new information to existing knowledge
• Short-term memory has a limited capacity of 7 ± 2 items
• Paying attention to key phrases while reading a textbook is an example of the encoding process called attention
• Short-term memory acts as a buffer for sensory input.

  False
• Effective encoding, storage, and retrieval are all crucial for successful memory performance.


  True
• When you see a friend's face, your sensory memory briefly holds their image
• Frequent encounters with a friend result in their name and face being stored in short-term memory.

  False
• What is the role of attention in the encoding process?

  Focusing mental resources
• Match the type of memory with its duration:

  Sensory memory ↔️ Very short (seconds)

  Short-term memory ↔️ Short (seconds to minutes)

  Long-term memory ↔️ Long-lasting (days to years)
• What does recognition involve in the retrieval process?

  Identifying information
• Memory is the cognitive system that allows us to store, retain, and recall information and experiences.
• What are the three main encoding processes?

  Attention, elaboration, organization
• What type of memory has a large capacity and brief duration?

  Sensory memory
• Retrieval success is influenced by retrieval cues such as context and associations.
• Storage involves maintaining encoded information over time.

  True
• Match the encoding process with its description:

  Attention ↔️ Focusing mental resources

  Elaboration ↔️ Connecting new to existing knowledge

  Organization ↔️ Grouping into meaningful patterns
• Sensory memory has a large capacity but a very short duration.

  True
• Encoding, storage, and retrieval are the three main processes of memory.


  True
• Order the three types of memory storage based on their duration from shortest to longest.

  1️⃣ Sensory memory

  2️⃣ Short-term memory

  3️⃣ Long-term memory
• What does recall involve in retrieval?

  Bringing stored information to mind
• What is the duration of information in short-term memory?

  Seconds to minutes
• What happens to a friend's image when you recognize them and think about their name?

  Short-term memory
• The first stage of the three-stage model of memory is encoding
• How many main types of memory storage are there?

  Three
• The two main processes in retrieval are recognition and recall.
• Effective encoding, storage, and retrieval are crucial for successful memory performance.


  True
• When reading a textbook, you encode, store, and retrieve the information for later reference.
• The three main types of memory storage are sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.
• What are the two main retrieval processes?

  Recognition and recall
• The three-stage model of memory describes how information is processed and stored in memory
• Long-term memory stores information permanently and is organized by semantic networks.


  True
• Attention is a key encoding process that involves focusing mental resources on specific information.

  True
• Retrieval is the process of accessing and using information stored in memory
• Effective encoding, storage, and retrieval are crucial for successful memory performance.

  True