2.1 Perception

• What is the process of interpreting and organizing sensory information called?

  Perception
• What do the Gestalt principles of perception explain?

  How we organize sensory information
• The Gestalt principles demonstrate how our brain actively organizes sensory information.

  True
• What is binocular disparity used for in depth perception?

  Judging distance
• The Ames room illusion distorts depth perception by manipulating the perception of size.
• Cultural differences in perception highlight how our interpretations are shaped by cultural experiences.
• Bottom-up and top-down processing work together to shape our perception.


  True
• Monocular cues for depth perception include relative size, interposition, and linear perspective.
• What is the Müller-Lyer illusion based on?

  Arrowhead shapes
• Which cultural group tends to focus more on context and relationships between objects?

  East Asian cultures
• What shapes our interpretations of the world besides universal principles?

  Cultural experiences
• Match the type of perception processing with its definition:

  Bottom-up processing ↔️ Data-driven processing from sensory input

  Top-down processing ↔️ Conceptually-driven using existing knowledge
• Order the key Gestalt principles:

  1️⃣ Similarity

  2️⃣ Proximity

  3️⃣ Continuity

  4️⃣ Closure

  5️⃣ Figure-ground
• Depth perception is the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions
• Monocular and binocular depth cues work together to create depth perception.


  True
• What is the purpose of selective attention?

  Focus on relevant information
• What is the definition of sensory adaptation?

  Decreased sensitivity to stimulus
• Sensory adaptation reduces sensitivity to constant stimuli.


  True
• Match the feature with the correct response type:

  Sensory Adaptation ↔️ Decreased sensitivity to a constant stimulus

  Habituation ↔️ Decreased response to a repetitive stimulus
• Culture influences how we interpret sensory information.


  True
• Both bottom-up and top-down processing work together in perception.


  True
• What does the Gestalt principle of figure-ground involve separating?

  Object from background
• What is an example of a monocular depth cue?

  Relative size
• Perceptual illusions highlight the active and constructive nature of perception.


  True
• Match the type of selective attention with its example:

  Focused attention ↔️ Reading a book while ignoring background noise

  Divided attention ↔️ Driving a car while listening to the radio
• Habituation involves a decreased response to a repetitive stimulus
• Sensory adaptation involves a reduction in receptor sensitivity
• Perception is influenced by cognitive factors such as expectations, motivations, and previous experiences
• Selective attention allows us to concentrate on relevant information while ignoring distractions
• Order the types of processing involved in perception:

  1️⃣ Bottom-up processing

  2️⃣ Top-down processing
• Match the Gestalt principle with its example:

  Similarity ↔️ Rows of dots in the same pattern

  Proximity ↔️ Lines spaced closely together

  Continuity ↔️ Two overlapping lines seen as continuous
• Perceptual illusions highlight the active and constructive nature of perception.


  True
• The Ponzo illusion makes two identical lines appear different lengths due to converging lines.


  True
• What shapes our perception besides bottom-up and top-down processing?

  Cultural background
• Match the cultural background with its perceptual emphasis:

  East Asian ↔️ Context and relationships

  Western ↔️ Individual objects

  Himba ↔️ Open environments
• Match the type of attention with its definition:

  Focused attention ↔️ Concentrating on one task

  Divided attention ↔️ Attending to multiple tasks
• Bottom-up processing is a data-driven approach that starts with sensory input.
• The Gestalt principle of similarity involves grouping similar elements based on visual characteristics.
• What is the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions called?

  Depth perception
• Perceptual illusions occur because our brain uses Gestalt principles to organize sensory information.


  True