Learning aim B

• NHS foundation trusts:

  Role: Providing a range of healthcare services, including hospitals, mental health, and community health services. Example: A foundation trust hospital offering specialized medical care.

  How: Governed locally, with a focus on patient care and community needs.

  Why: To deliver quality healthcare services with community involvement.

  Advantages: Local autonomy, community engagement.

  Drawbacks: Funding challenges!
• Adult social care:

  Role: Offering support and care services to adults in need. Example: Residential care homes for elderly individuals. How: Providing personalized care plans, ensuring well-being and independence. Why: Enhancing quality of life for adults requiring care and support. Advantages: Tailored care, promoting independence. Drawbacks: Resource constraints!
• Children's services:

  Role: Providing a range of services for the welfare of children. Example: Child protective services, foster care agencies. How: Ensuring child safety, education, and support for families. Why: Safeguarding and promoting the well-being of children. Advantages: Child protection, family support. Drawbacks: Workload challenges, complex family dynamics.
• GP practises:

  Role: Offering primary healthcare services to individuals in the community. Example: Local family doctor practices. How: Providing general medical care, referrals to specialists. Why: Ensuring accessible and continuous healthcare for individuals. Advantages: Personalized care, community accessibility. Drawbacks: Limited specialized services, potential for long waiting times.
• Voluntary sector:

  Role: Delivering various health and social care services through non-profit organizations. Example: Charities providing support for specific health conditions. How: Raising funds and offering specialized services. Why: Addressing specific needs and gaps in mainstream services. Advantages: Community engagement, flexibility in service provision. Drawbacks: Reliance on fundraising, potential resource limitations.
• Codes of practice:

  A set of guidelines, sometimes based on legal regulations, which explains the ways members of a profession must behave.
• National Occupational Standards (NOS)

  Performance standards in the workplace outline the standards individuals must achieve, outlining knowledge and understanding, best practices, and codes of practice.
• Continuing professional standards (CPD)

  Learning activities professionals engage in to develop and enhance their abilities.
• Trade Union:

  An organisation of workers in a trade, group of traders or profession. They protect and promote the rights and interests of their members.
• Professional Association:

  Carry out similar roles to trade unions but usually represent one group or type of work, such as doctors.
• Protocol:

  The official procedure or system.
• Charity:

  An organisation set up to represent people with specific needs and provide help and support, often voluntarily. For example, NSPCC!
• Patient group:

  Represents the needs of service users and support in making complaints.
• Advocate:

  A person who speaks for someone else and represents their views and preferences.
• Complaint procedure:

  The formal process which is to be followed to allow someone to make a complaint.
• Role of an advocate:

  Advocates promote autonomy by empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their health and social care, respecting their choices. They ensure rights by providing fair and equitable treatment within the healthcare system. They also assist individuals in accessing relevant information about their conditions, treatment options, and support services.
• Criticisms of advocates:

  Critics argue that advocates may bring their own biases or beliefs into their advocacy work, potentially influencing decisions or recommendations. Resource constraints in advocacy services can lead to inadequate coverage or attention to certain groups. Additionally, advocates may struggle with effective communication, particularly in cases of language barriers, cultural differences, or complex medical information.
• Examples of whistleblowing:

  • Unsafe patient care
  • Poor clinical practice
  • Failure to safeguard patients
  • Inadequate administration of medicine
  • Untrained staff
  • Unsafe working conditions
  • Lack of policies
  • Bullying at work
• How are services improved by regulation and inspection?

  • Organisations are provided with areas which require improvement
  • Recommendations to make a service safer. For example, procedures or equipment.
  • Improve the quality of a service
  • improve record keeping
• Illiterate:

  Unable to read or write.
• Aphasia:

  Aphasia is a communication and comprehension disorder caused by brain damage or injury to a specific area.
• Impairment:

  Diminishment or loss of function or ability.
• Personal budget:

  Money provided by the local council if you are eligible for any help with social care and support.
• Referral:

  A health and social care professional shares the details of an individual or service user with another organization due to a identified need.
• Self referral:

  When a person contacts a care provider personally.
• Professional referral:

  When a health or care professional contacts another service provider to request support for a service user. For example, a GP refers the patient to the local hospital.
• Third party referral:

  When a friend, neighbour or relatives contacts a health care service.
• Assessment:

  This is where a 'test' takes place to consider the level of need or help a service user needs.
• Eligibility criteria:

  A criteria which decide whether an individual is entitled to care and support from the local authority.
• Primary health care:

  Provided by GP's, dentists, opticians and pharmacists. These are accessed directly by a service user and usually the first point of contact you have with the NHS.
• Secondary health care:

  Secondary health care refers to specialist treatment or care, such as psychiatry, typically provided in hospitals or clinics referred from primary care providers. It includes mental health services and community health services, accessible through GP-A referral would happen. Appropriate consultants, such as physiotherapists, psychologists, or community nurses, are also approached.
• Tertiary health care:

  Provides specialist and complex services. For example, spinal injury units or hospice units.
• Advantages of hospice care:

  • Expert pain and symptom management, helping patients be as comfortable as possible.
  • Emotional support for the patient and family, including bereavement support for the family.
  • Following a patient’s choices regarding their end-of-life care.
  • Helping patients stay at home during their end-of-life.
  • Help with practical tasks like bathing and feeding the patient. Additionally, hospice workers may help with household tasks and errands.
  • Giving family caregivers a chance to take a break from caregiving tasks.
• Respite care:

  Respite care is provided when the main informal carer needs a break, like a holiday, while temporary residential care is needed for older individuals who need more support after an accident, like rehabilitation.
• Name two ways that the interests of service users are represented?

  1. through charity groups

  2 through patient groups
• What is a charity?

  A charity is an organisation set up to represent people with specific needs and provide help and support, often voluntarily.
• List 4 examples of charities

  - NSPCC

  - mental health foundation

  - shelter

  - stonewall
• List 6 things that a charity does

  •Provide an advocate.

  •Providing information, advice and services.

  •Provide equipment/ resources.

  •Provide access to support groups.

  •Support access to HSC services

  •Provide emotional support/ befriending service.

  •Carrying out research

  •Raising money

  •Working in partnership with other organisations, including HSC providers

  •Changing public attitudes

  •Challenging prejudice

  •Preventing discrimination
• what do patient groups do?

  • Represent the interests of people with particular health needs

  • Provide feedback on NHS services

  • Provide volunteers

  • Take part in research carried out by the NHS.
• What is advocacy?

  Advocacy means speaking on behalf of someone else, to represent their interests. It is a very important aspect of the way that HSC services are provided