NSTP 1 CWTS MODULE: 10 GLOBAL WARMING

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Global warming is a phenomenon that has been observed over the past century and is characterized by an increase in average global temperature (Markham, 2009). The increase on Earth’s average temperature is primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels.
The causes of global warming are complex and include human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, as well as natural processes like solar radiation and volcanic eruptions.
Global warming is a significant issue as it can lead to changes in weather patterns, sea level rise, and the loss of biodiversity.
Preventing global warming requires a combination of mitigation strategies, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency, and adaptation measures, like improving infrastructure and preparing for extreme weather events.
Global warming is a global issue that requires global action.
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Measured changes in climate could last a few years, decades, or even million of years.
The Greenhouse Effect
Some solar radiation is reflected by the Earth and the atmosphere.
Most radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface and warms it.
Some of the infrared radiation passes through the atmosphere. Some is absorbed and re-emitted in all directions by greenhouse gas molecules. The effect of this is to warm the Earth's surface and the lower atmosphere.
Infrared radiation is emitted by the Earth's surface.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the most significant contributor to climate change in the United States is the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation (caused by human activity).
SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Save energy at home
Walk, cycle or take public transport
Reduce, Reuse, Repair & Recycle
Protect forests and oceans
Restore nature to absorb more carbon
GLOBAL WARMING CAN CAUSE VARIOUS CHANGES IN THE OVERALL PATTERNS, INTENSITIES, AND FREQUENCIES OF NATURAL DISASTERS.
Crop Failure and Famine
Loss of coastal plains
Rising Sea levels
Extreme weather events
Decline in human body resistance to viruses and infections
Poverty and displacement
SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WARMING
Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling
Save energy by using less heat and air conditioning
Changing the light bulb
Drive safely and efficiently
Make purchases that are energy-efficient
Reduce the amount of hot water you use
Turn off the power by pressing the "Off" switch
Go green by planting a tree
Make others aware of the importance of conservation
WASTE MANAGEMENT is managing the waste from its inception to its final disposal. It includes the functional collection, transportation, processing, treatment, and disposal of waste. (Solid Wastes - Liquid Wastes - Gaseous Wastes)
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
PREVENTION, MITIGATION, PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY.
Natural hazards pertain to all atmospheric, hydrologic, geologic, and wildfire phenomena that have the potential to affect humans, their structures, and their activities because of their location, severity, and frequency.
Global warming – human exploitation of the environment that leads to the increasing mount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Climate Change – build up of green house gases in the atmosphere, significantly changing the normal or expected weather patterns and conditions in specific regions of the earth.
Human activities that increase the greenhouse effect: burning of fossil fuel, deforestation, livestock and paddy rice farming, land use and wetland changes, pipeline losses, and covered vented landfill emissions leading to higher methane atmospheric concentrations, use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigeration systems, fire suppression systems, and manufacturing processes, and agricultural activities/ fertilizer.
Greenhouse gas emissions from various industries, transportation, and agriculture have played a major role in global warming.
Effects of Global Warming:
Rising of sea level from 110 to 770 millimeter by the year 2100. 2. Repercussions to agriculture
3. Slowing of the thermohaline circulation
4. Reductions in the ozone layer
5. Increased intensity and frequency of typhoons and extreme weather events
6. Lowering of ocean pH level
7. Spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever
8. mass extinction of animals and plants.
Solutions to Global Warming:
1.Buy energy efficient cars, take the bus/jeepney, support legislative efforts that increase the standard for fuel efficiency.
2. Buy appliances with energy star label.
3. Replace – incandescent bulbs with compact
fluorescents.
4. Employ house weatherization that requires little heat and air conditioning as possible.
5. Plant more trees, build more walkways, bike paths, provide better public transport system.
Disaster > “characterized by several elements namely, hazards, risks, people or community, and vulnerability” Dr. Renato U. Solidum Jr.
Hazard > the physical impact of the disturbance, either man-made or natural, is heightened by the amount of risk to the people and community.
To be effective in reducing the effects of hazards in the community, a strategy must be in place.
RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES:
1.Engineering measure ( keep hazards away
from people)
2. Land-use planning and management
measures (keep people away from hazards)
3. Control and protection works (modify hazards)
4. Early warning (predict hazards)
5. Preparedness planning (prepare in anticipation of hazards)
6. Reconstruction planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing the vulnerability
7. Mainstreaming risk management in development practice and institutionalization
Disaster Management
> is important in dealing with man-made and natural disaster.
Natural disaster > inevitable but > one may prepare – reduce or minimize the effect to people.
United Nations Disaster Relief Office > third world countries are affected the most with disasters e.g. Philippines.
5 Reasons for this situation:
Rapid population growth
2. Concentration of population in high-risk areas.
3. Destruction of marshes > Real Estate Dev’t.
4. Man-made destructions
5. Increasing poverty leading to substandard
housing
Natural Hazards > “elements of the physical environment that are harmful to man and caused by extraneous forces” (Solidum, 2012).
* refers to all atmospheric, hydrologic, geologic and wildfire phenomena that, because of their location, severity, and frequency, have the potential to affect humans, their structures, or their activities adversely.
e.g. Hailstorms, Hurricanes, Lightning, Tornadoes, Tropical storms, Tsunamis, Land
slides etc.
Hazard Management – process by which the government makes plans which consists of policies, projects, and supportive actions to guide economic, social, and spatial development over a period of time.
Aim:
*Reduce loss of life
*Destruction of property
Natural Management Process (What to do?)
Disaster Mitigation – accurate and timely prediction of a hazardous event.
> take advance measures, anticipate.
> includes data collection and analysis
2. Natural Hazard Assessment > investigate / assess > when risks are assessed, planners have the basis for incorporating mitigation measures into the design of investment projects.
3. Natural Hazard Prediction
> it is a direct outcome of scientific
investigation into its causes and is aimed at establishing the probability of the next occurrence in terms of time, place and range of severity.
Emergency Preparedness
2 levels of preparedness (According to Solidum):
Public safety information – increase the amount of information disseminated to the public and at promoting cooperation between the public and the authorities.
2. Hazard awareness planning – may improve public preparedness and social conduct during a disaster.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Activities:
Identification of areas most prone to typhoons
and other calamities
2. Display and teachings of structural
improvements
3. Preparation of educational materials
4. Community involvement and mobilization
5. Media liaison
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS:
The risk must be known.
2. Potential hazards must be identified.
3. Incidence of hazard occurrences must be calculated.
4. Secondary risk must be identified.
VULNERABILITY MUST BE KNOWN:
Risk must be determined
2. Likely damage and disruption must be
assessed.
3. Human needs must be assessed.
MITIGATION MEASURES MUST BE IN PLACE:
Required mitigation measures must be formulated.
2. Non-structural mitigation measures must be instituted.
PREPAREDNESS SYSTEM MUST BE READY:
All parties should be in a state of readiness.
2. A focal point for preparedness must exist.
3. A management system for emergency response
must be in place.
4. Plans must exist and planning must occur
regularly.
5. Training and practice must be regular.
6. Warning systems must be operational at all
times.
7. Authoritiesandthepublicmustbefullyinformed.
Land-use Planning (Risk Zoning)
The government should conduct studies on the following:
Surveys – mountainsides, riverbanks, coastal
areas, mining sites, etc
2. Rational plan for urban centers
3. Identify areas – reforestation, forest
preservation
4. Building codes regulations – height, type of
materials, specification of structures
Key Players in Disaster Management:
Operational activities:
*Prevention
*Mitigation
*Preparedness
*Response
*Recovery
*Rehabilitation
Chairman of NDRRMC convenes the council as often and as necessary.
Office of Civil Defense Administrator coordinates the activities and functions of various agencies.
DILG Secretary oversees the organization.
DSWD Secretary provides relief assistance and social services.
DOH Secretary provides health services.
NEDA Director General determines the effects of disasters.