Pain & Surgery

    Cards (411)

    • What are the three types of pain management?
      Pharmacological, Non-pharmacological, and Surgical.
    • Who defined pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage?
      American Pain Society
    • When does a full behavioral response to pain become apparent?
      3-12 months
    • What is the conscious experience of discomfort?
      Pain perception
    • What is the level at which someone experiences pain?
      Pain threshold
    • What is the maximum intensity or duration of pain that a person is willing to endure once the threshold has been reached?
      Pain tolerance
    • Who appears more tolerant to pain, men or women?
      Women
    • A decrease in pain tolerance is evident to what age group?
      Elderly
    • Repeated exposure to pain, fatigue, anger, boredom, apprehension, anxiety, fear, and sleep deprivation affects pain tolerance how?
      Decreases
    • Alcohol consumption, medication, hypnosis, warmth, distracting activities, and strong beliefs/faith affects pain tolerance how?
      Increases
    • Does pain accompany aging?
      No, pain is only present if accompanied by a disease
    • Does sleeping remove pain?
      No, people in pain may become exhausted or use sleep as an escape mechanism but it cannot truly remove pain
    • Is pain only a result and cannot be a cause?
      No, pain can both be a result and a cause, unresolved pain can create other problems such as anger, anxiety, immobility and delay in healing
    • Can physiologic pain encompass emotional hurt?
      Yes
    • Can pain be adequately defined, identified, or measured by an observer?
      No, pain is uniquely experienced by each individual and can only be described by themself
    • As a valuable diagnostic indicator, what does pain usually indicate?
      Tissue damage or pathology
    • What are the components of pain?

      Stimuli, Perception, Response, Intensity, Threshold, and Tolerance
    • What is the type of pain according to source that is considered the most common type? In addition, it is caused by potentially harmful stimuli being detected by nociceptors around the body?
      Nociceptive pain
    • What are the types of nociceptive pain?
      Somatic and visceral
    • What is the type of nociceptive pain that is caused by injury to skin, muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues. It often involves inflammation of injured tissue?
      Somatic pain
    • What is the type of nociceptive pain that is perceived as a sharp or burning discomfort or pricking quality?
      Superficial somatic
    • What is a type of nociceptive pain that produces localized sensations that are sharp, throbbing, and intense?
      Deep somatic
    • What is the type of pain according to source that originates from ongoing injury to the internal organs or the tissues that support them?
      Visceral pain
    • What is pain according to source that can be a symptoms or complication of several diseases and condition?
      Neuropathic pain
    • What is the simple label for all kinds of pain that can be best explained by psychological problems?
      Psychogenic pain
    • What is the type of pain that is usually of short duration (less than 6 months) and is often described in sensory terms such as sharp, stabbing, and shooting?
      Acute pain
    • What type of pain is a major health concern?
      Chronic pain
    • What type of pain is accompanied by observable physical response, increased or decreased BP, tachychardia, diaphoresis, and tachypnea?
      Acute pain
    • What type of pain is caused by rheumatoid arthritis?
      Chronic nonmalignant pain
    • What type of pain does cancer induce?
      Chronic malignant pain
    • What type of chronic pain does migraine and headaches cause?
      Chronic intermittent
    • What type of pain is specific and localized, and its severity is associated with the acuity or sensitivity of the injury or disease process?
      Acute pain
    • What type of pain is nonspecific and generalized, and its severity is out of proportion to the stage of the injury or disease?
      Chronic pain
    • What is discomfort that is perceived in a general area of the body, but not in the exact site where an organ is anatomically located?
      Referred pain
    • What is a type of referred pain that has trigger points, hypermitable areas within a muscle in which nerve impulses bombard CNS and are expresssed at refrred pain?
      Myofascial pain
    • What is a hyper irritable myofascial pain that causes obvious complaint?

      Active
    • What is a dormant myofascial pain that produces no pain except loss of ROM?
      Latent
    • What type of referred pain is deep pain and may originate from sclerotomic, myotomic, or dermatomic nerve irritation/injury?
      Scelortomic and Dermatomic pain
    • What is the area of bone/fascia that is supplied by a single nerve root?
      Sclerotome
    • What muscle is supplied by a single nerve root?
      Myotome