Law of Motion - Collision

• Law of Inertia - An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.
• Static Equilibrium. An object at rest will stay at rest if there is no net force acting on it.
• Dynamic Equilibrium. An object that is moving at constant velocity will continue to move with constant velocity if there is no net force acting on it.
• Law of Acceleration - The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it.
• Law of Interaction - If object A exerts a force on object B, object B will also exert a force with the same magnitude, but opposite in direction on object A.
• Action – Reaction Pair. Forces of equal magnitude and opposite direction that act on different object
• Contact Force. interactions between objects that touch
• Non-contact Force. attract or repel, even from a distance
• Tension Force. Force acting through a rope, cable, or string when it is pulled tightly from both sides
• Frictional Force. Force exerted by a surface against the motion of a body across its surface
• Normal Force. The support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another fixed or stable object
• Dot Product. A measure of how closely two vectors align, in terms of the direction they point. The scalar product of two vectors.
• Work. The amount of energy transferred by a force
• Energy. The ability to do work, which is the ability to exert a force causing displacement of an object. Energy is present in the universe in a variety of form.
• Kinetic Energy. The energy possessed by a moving object.
• Potential Energy. The stored energy of an object based on its position.
• Elastic Potential Energy. Energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object
• Gravitational Potential Energy. The energy possessed or acquired by an object due to a change in position when it is present in a gravitational field.
• Power. The rate of doing work. How much time it takes.
• Law of Conservation of Energy. It states that “energy is neither created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed
• Conservative Forces. Forces that do not transform one type of energy into other forms. Independent of the path taken and only depends on the initial and final positions. Conserve mechanical energy
• Non-conservative Forces . Forces that transform one type of energy into other forms. Dependent of the path taken. Do not conserve mechanical energy
• Closed system. There are no external forces that can affect an object and mechanical energy is conserved.
• Open system. There are external forces (friction, air resistance) and energy is not conserved.
• Momentum. The quantity of motion an object has
• Impulse. The change in momentum of an object. Mathematically defined as the product of force and the time over which the force acts.
• Impulse – Momentum Theorem. This theorem relates impulse to the change in momentum of an object
• Center of Mass and Geometric Center. An imaginary point where a force can be applied to cause a change in the object’s linear motion without causing a change in the object’s rotational motion
• Collision. It occurs when two or more objects come in contact with each other typically with a force that causes a change in their motion
• Elastic Collision. Both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved
• Inelastic Collision. Momentum is conserved but the kinetic energy is not conserved. Velocities are not equal
• Perfectly Inelastic Collision. Objects stick together after the impact and the maximum amount of kinetic energy is lost