Chemiosmosis

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KIM

Cards (29)

  • Aerobic Respiration: Chemiosmosis and Electron Transport Chain
  • Electron Transport Chain: Products of Glycolysis and Krebs cycle are ATP, NADH, FADH.
  • Electron Transport Chain:Electrons carried by NADH and FADH are transported to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • The Transition Reaction stage of aerobic respiration results in 2 NADH and 6 ATP.
  • The Krebs Cycle stage of aerobic respiration results in 2 ATP/GTP and 2 ATP.
  • Glycolysis is the first stage of aerobic respiration and results in 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
  • The Electron Transport Chain stage of aerobic respiration results in 4 ATP.
  • The maximum ATP yield for the whole aerobic respiration process is 38 ATP molecules.
  • Electron Transport Chain:Complex I, Complex II and Ubiquinone, Complex III, Complex IV, ETC and Proton Pumps are proteins that receive and transfer electrons from the oxidation of NADH.
  • The table below summarizes the net ATP yield for the whole aerobic respiration process.
  • Stages of aerobic respiration include Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.
  • Electron Transport Chain:Electrons are then transferred to ubiquinone (labeled as Q), thus producing QH2.
  • Every FADH2 is equivalent to two ATP molecules because its electrons will only move through complexes III and IV.
  • Chemiosmosis involves the downhill transport of hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space to the matrix, providing energy to ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP into ATP.
  • A total of 34 ATP molecules are produced through electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
  • The energy from the released electrons is used to pump hydrogen ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space, generating a proton gradient.
  • The electron transport chain consists of four multiprotein complexes embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to release electrons.
  • In terms of ATP synthesis, NADH is equivalent to three ATP molecules because its electrons will move through complexes I, III, and IV.
  • Electron Transport Chain:Complex I, Complex II and Ubiquinone, Complex III, Complex IV, ETC and Proton Pumps are proteins that receive and transfer electrons from the oxidation of FADH.
  • Complex III contains three molecules, namely, cytochrome b (Cyt b), Rieske center (2Fe-2S center), and cytochrome c1 (Cyt c1).
  • The first electron released by QH2 is transferred to Rieske center to Cyt c1.
  • Cyt c transfers electrons from complex III to complex IV.
  • Q is converted into its reduced form semiquinone radical ion (Q–).
  • When another QH2 arrives at the complex III, it is oxidized again to Q.
  • One electron of QH2 is transferred to the Rieske center then to Cyt c1 and Cyt c.
  • The second electron is transferred to Cyt b and then to Q–.
  • Since Q– receives another electron, it becomes QH2.
  • The QH2 molecule is eventually released to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
  • The electron travels to CuA/CuA to Cyt a, and then to Cyt a3.