ATS GCSE Biology - Health issues Key words

• epidemiological data


  data to study and analyse the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease in defined populations
• histogram

  displays continuous datafrequency is the AREA of barsimilar to bar chart but the bars can be different widthsx axis = Value (e.g. 0, 10, 20, 30...)y axis = frequency DENSITY NO gaps between bars
• quantitative data


  numerical measurements

  
• qualitative data


  non-numerical datae.g. blood groups, food tests
• bar charts

  frequency of qualitative data is the height of barorvalues in quantitative data do not overlapx axis = Group (e.g. 60-64, 65-69, 70-74.... or Blood group A, AB, O)y axis = frequency gaps between bars

  
• frequency tables


  used to display incidence data

  
• disease incidence


  the number of new cases of the disease in a given time
• severe physical ill health can

  lead to depression and other mental illnessdisease interaction

  
• immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can


  trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthmadisease interaction

  
• viruses living in cells can

  be the trigger for cancerse.g. HPV can cause cervical cancerdisease interaction

  
• defects in the immune system

  mean that an individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseasesdisease interaction

  
• other factors effecting health

  diet stress life situations can effect physical and mental health

  
• non-communicable disease


  annot be passed from one organism to another are not infectiouse.g. heart disease, arthritis

  
• communicable disease


  caused by a pathogene.g. measles, TMV, malaria, HIVcan be passed from one organism to another

  
• health


  is the state of physical and mental wellbeing