Subdecks (15)

Cards (353)

  • cells
    are the basic building blocks of all living organisms
  • a tissue
    is a group of cells with a similar structure and function
  • organs
    are aggregations of tissues performing specific functions
  • aggregations
    the formation of a number of things into a cluster
  • organ systems
    organs are organised into these which work together to form organisms
  • organism
    any individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis
  • unicellular organism
    made from one cell
  • multicellular
    made from many cells
  • muscular tissue
    contractfor movement
  • cardiac muscle
    muscle in the heart
  • glandular tissue

    contains secretory cellsproduce or release substances such as enzymes or hormones
  • epithelial tissue
    covers surfaces outside and inside the body
  • stomach
    organ involved with the digestion of foodmuscular tissue - to churn the food and digestive juices togetherglandular tissue - to produce the digestive juicesepithelial tissue - cover the inside and outside of the organ
  • pancreas
    organ that monitors blood sugar levels, releasing insulin and glucagonproduces enzymes for digestion
  • digestive system
    organ system to digest food
  • circulatory system

    to circulate blood around the body
  • respiratory system

    for gas exchange
  • exchange surfaces
    large surface areamoist rich blood supplyshort diffusion distancemechanisms to increase concentration gradients (blood moving away from area of exchange)
  • villi
    found in the small intestine adapted to absorb digested food into the blood plasma
  • kidney
    organ to filter blood
  • digestive system
    is an example of an organ system in which several organs work together to digest and absorb food
  • digestive enzymes
    convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
  • bile
    is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladderalkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomachemulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases the surface area for lipase to act
  • food
    large insoluble molecules which can not be absorbed without being broken into smaller soluble moleculescarbohydrates, proteins and lipids
  • carbohydrates
    contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygenprovide energy for metabolic reactions
  • simple sugars
    small carbohydrate units glucose, sucrose
  • glucose
    single sugarcontain only one sugar unit
  • sucrose
    two sugar units joined togetherthe everyday sugar
  • complex carbohydrates
    made up from long chains of simple sugar units bonded togetherstarchcelluloseglycogen
  • carbohydrate rich food

    bread, pasta, potatoes, rice
  • starch
    storage carbohydrate in plants
  • cellulose
    complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell wallsgives strength
  • glycogen
    carbohydrate store in animalsin liver and muscles
  • lipids
    are fats (solids) and oils (liquid)most efficient energy storeused to make cell membranes, hormonesused in nervous system
  • insoluble
    undigested foodlipids in water
  • lipid molecule
    three fatty acids and a glycerol moleculeglycerol is always the samethe fatty acids varycarbon, hydrogen and oxygen
  • lipid rich food
    olive oil, sunflower oil, butter, margarine, cheese, cream
  • proteins
    used for building up cells and tissuesbasis of all enzymes, hair, nails and musclescarbon, hydrogen, oxygen and NITROGEN
  • functions of proteins
    structural - muscles and tendonshormones - insulin, FSH, LH, oestrogen, testosteroneantibodies - destroy pathogensenzymes - act as catalysts
  • protein molecule
    long chains of amino acidsdifferent arrangements of amino acids results in different proteinsspecific 3D shapes from folding chain