Physics

• Distance = speed x time
• wavespeed = frequency x wavelength
• using frequency = 1/time period
• characteristics of sound -

  • needs a medium
  • longitudinal
  • much slower than light
• • Sound waves can be created using a signal generator.
  • We can use an oscilloscope to observe a wave.
  • By connecting a signal generator to a loudspeaker, we can create and listen to sounds of different frequencies.
  • We can use an oscilloscope to measure the amplitude and frequency of a sound wave.
• The properties of a sound wave measured by an oscilloscope are -

  • amplitude
  • frequency
• • The higher the frequency of the sound wave, the higher the pitch (highness or lowness) of the sound.
  • A higher frequency means that there is a shorter wavelength. This is shown on an oscilloscope when the peaks of the waves are closer together.
  • The larger the amplitude of the sound wave, the higher the volume (loudness) of the sound.

  
• λ=v/f

  The wavelength is equal to the wave speed divided by the wave frequency.
• speed of sound can be measured using - echoes
• the amplitude affects the volume of a wave
• Oscilloscope

  ...used to measure the amplitude and frequency of a sound wave.

  Signal generator

  ...used to create sound waves.
• The higher the frequency of a sound wave, the higher the pitch of the sound.
• Speed = distance/time
• Efficiency = useful energy out/total energy in
• Work done = force x distance(moved in the direction of the force)
• Grav. potential energy (gpe) = mass x grav. field strength x height
• Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed2
• Refractive index = sin0i/sin0r
• Refractive Index = 1/sin0c