two samples of bacteria grown - one in broth of light nitrogen, one in broth of heavy nitrogen. as they reproduced, they took up nitrogen to make nucleotides, so it was added to their DNA
2. sample of DNA taken from each batch, and spun in centrifuge. sample from heavy nitrogen settled furtherdown the tube than sample from light nitrogen
3. bacteria from heavy nitrogen placed in broth with only light nitrogen. left for one round of DNA replication then spun in centrifuge
4. settled in the middle, proving semi-conservative replication, as contained both heavy and light nitrogen