PHILOSOPHY - THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

• Intersubjectivity is the interchange of thoughts and feelings, both conscious and unconscious, between two persons or “subjects” as facilitated by empathy.
• Edmund Husserl is the philosopher who coined the term intersubjectivity.
• Recognizing the self in the other is a reason that drives a human person to interact with their fellow human in a more meaningful way.
• Timeliness - 10%
• Social system is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals and groups that compose a society.
• Describe the positive influences they had to develop your generation.
• Performance task: Create a photo journal showing the individuals, groups, and institutions that have significantly influenced your generation.
• Rubrics: Relatedness of the content - 50%
• Cleanliness - 15%
• Design and creativity - 25%
• Intersubjectivity involves a unique relationship between distinct subjects, allowing the person to give him/herself to others and also receive others in his/her life.
• Interiority refers to the three levels of self-other interaction according to philosophers: awareness of the existence of the others, awareness of the self as being seen by others, and awareness of the self in the other.
• Seeming is a deeper and more substantial interaction and relations with other people, made possible when the self realizes that the other is a genuine and unique individual.
• Dialogue enables us to experience another person’s emotions, such as happiness, anger, and sadness.
• Empathy is the willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another.
• Availability states that people have a moral obligation to respond to the needs of other people; and cannot turn a blind eye on the problem of others.
• Ethics of Care arises when a person ceases to view the other as a distinct and authentic person and merely considers the other person as a mere object or means to satisfy personal interests.
• Alienation is rooted in the person’s self-determination and the exercise of intellect and free will, and is experienced through the act of making choices.
• Agrarian and agricultural society involves the large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals, characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming.
• Hunting and gathering society is the earliest and simplest form of society, generally characterized by its small size and composed mainly of families.
• In early societies, individuals were often very family- and clan-oriented, with their behaviors and actions restricted by tradition.
• The increasingly complex social organization and growing importance of territory often result in conflicts among neighboring societies over resources and land.
• A feudal society is based on the ownership of land, with feudal societies arising out of developments in Western Europe during Medieval times, when rival kingdoms were engaged in conflict over resources, particularly land.
• Pastoral society, with larger populations than hunting and gathering societies, remains longer in one place and often produces surplus food and resources, which they trade with other societies.
• In horticultural society, roles and responsibilities are more clearly defined with many tasks assigned according to gender.
• Horticultural society primarily engages in the small-scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the domestication of animals, and are semi-nomadic, traveling to another place when they have already depleted the resources in one area.
• In a feudal society, rulers grant their followers or vassals the right to manage parcels of land, with these vassals served by peasant workers who cultivate the land and tend to the animals in the farms.
• The large population of agricultural societies leads to a more structured social system that helps manage resources and its members.
• Freedom is the absence of physical restraint.
• Thomas Hobbes believed that humans in their natural state are governed by their desires, often leading to conflict with their fellowmen.
• Jean Jacques Rousseau's concept of general will is based on the assumption that the people have empowered the government to act on their behalf, and that it is considered to be the best judge of what is most beneficial for society.
• People choose to cooperate since it is beneficial to meet their self-interests.
• Thomas Hobbes' social contract is an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority, enabling society to function and meet the needs of the many, ensuring the survival of humanity.
• Psychological freedom is using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness, and freedom is not an object that a person may use whatever way he/she pleases.
• John Locke's social contract is a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society.
• Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that even if the people are the ones who organized society and established an authority or government, in extreme cases, the government is able to impose its will on the people.
• David Gauthier described people's self-interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies.
• Society is founded on the concept of the common good, which is the social conditions which enable persons to fulfill their goals and achieve well-being.
• Society is the means by which people seek to control their natural tendencies and impose order.
• John Rawls redefined the social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interests.