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Unit 1: Cells, Organ Systems, and Ecosystems
1.1 Cells and Movement Across Membranes
1.1.2 Specialised Cells
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Match the animal cell type with its function:
Nerve cells ↔️ Transmit electrical signals
Red blood cells ↔️ Transport oxygen
Muscle cells ↔️ Facilitate movement
Sperm cells ↔️ Fertilize egg cells
Specialised animal and plant cells have identical adaptations for their functions.
False
Red blood cells lack a nucleus to maximize space for
hemoglobin
.
True
Specialised cells
are cells that have a specific
function
What is the function of xylem cells in plants?
Transport water
What is the specific function of nerve cells?
Transmit electrical signals
Stages of cell differentiation
1️⃣ Fertilisation
2️⃣ Early Development
3️⃣ Cell Differentiation
4️⃣ Organogenesis
Cell differentiation is not essential for the efficient functioning of an organism.
False
Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus?
To maximize hemoglobin content
What are specialised cells defined by?
Specific function
Red blood cells have a nucleus to maximize oxygen transport.
False
During cell differentiation, specific
genes
are activated.
Red blood cells lack a nucleus to maximize space for
hemoglobin
What adaptation allows root hair cells to absorb water efficiently?
Large surface area
The myelin sheath in
nerve cells
is essential for rapid signal transmission.
True
Stages of cell differentiation in order
1️⃣ Fertilization
2️⃣ Early Development
3️⃣ Cell Differentiation
4️⃣ Organogenesis
Cell differentiation is crucial for the development and efficient functioning of an
organism
What is the role of the myelin sheath in nerve cells?
Rapid signal transmission
Match the plant cell type with its key adaptation:
Root hair cells ↔️ Large surface area
Xylem cells ↔️ Thick cell walls
Phloem cells ↔️ End-to-end sieve tubes
Guard cells ↔️ Bean-shaped with chloroplasts
The myelin sheath in
nerve cells
allows for the rapid transmission of electrical signals.
True
Cell differentiation is essential for the development and efficient functioning of an
organism
.
True
Specialised cells are adapted in structure and function to carry out their
role
Red blood cells transport
oxygen
Which proteins are activated during the differentiation of muscle cells?
Contractile proteins
Stages of cell differentiation
1️⃣ Fertilization
2️⃣ Early Development
3️⃣ Cell Differentiation
4️⃣ Organogenesis
Muscle cells facilitate movement through the action of contractile
proteins
Nerve cells are specialised to transmit electrical
signals
Stages of cell differentiation
1️⃣ Fertilization
2️⃣ Early Development
3️⃣ Cell Differentiation
4️⃣ Organogenesis
Match the specialised animal cell with its adaptation:
Nerve cells ↔️ Long axons and myelin sheath
Muscle cells ↔️ High concentration of actin and myosin
Red blood cells ↔️ Lack a nucleus and have a biconcave shape
Sperm cells ↔️ Flagellum for mobility and enzymes in head
Sperm cells have enzymes in their head to penetrate the egg during
fertilization
.
True
Xylem cells are long, hollow tubes with thick cell
walls
Red blood cells have a biconcave shape to increase their surface
area
What are specialized cells defined by?
Specific function
What do activated genes express during cell differentiation?
Specific proteins
Red blood cells lack a
nucleus
to maximize hemoglobin content.
What do phloem cells transport in plants?
Sugars
Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus?
Maximize hemoglobin space
Cell differentiation allows for the formation of diverse cell types required for the body's various
systems
Match the specialised animal cell with its unique adaptation:
Nerve cells ↔️ Axons and myelin sheath
Muscle cells ↔️ High concentration of actin and myosin
Red blood cells ↔️ Lack a nucleus and have a biconcave shape
Sperm cells ↔️ Flagellum for mobility
Nerve cells transmit signals using long extensions called axons and a
myelin sheath
.
True
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