katipunan, kartilla

• An impact crater in the southern time of Mars located at 32.36° south latitude and 185.42° east longitude, with a diameter of 105 km, was named after Ferdinand Magellan in 1976.
• The Strait of Magellan, a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south, was also named after Ferdinand Magellan.
• The Strait of Magellan is considered the most important natural passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
• The Strait of Magellan was discovered and first traversed by the Spanish expedition of Magellan in 1520.
• The Pacific Ocean, the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions, was coined by Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish voyage of the world in 1521.
• The Age of Exploration, also called the Age of Discovery, began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s.
• The Age of Exploration was a period when the Europeans began exploring the world, discovering new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas.
• Ferdinand Magellan was born into an aristocratic Portuguese family in 1480, was orphaned as a young boy, and at the age of 12 entered the royal court in Lisbon as a page of Eleanor of Viseu, consort of King John II.
• Ferdinand Magellan spent seven years learning the ropes of his future career during action-packed voyages in Asia and Africa.
• Ferdinand Magellan was part of the invading force that saw Portugal secure control of the region’s most important trading routes when it conquered Malacca on the Malay Peninsula in 1511, and he may have ventured as far east as the Moluccas (Spice Islands) of modern-day Indonesia.
• In 1517, Magellan decamped to Seville in Spain, where he quickly married the daughter of another Portuguese exile, had two children, and began bending the ear of Charles I about a western route to the Spice Islands.
• Charles I, the 18-year-old Spanish king, was desperate to make his mark and smash the dominance his Iberian rivals had over the enormously lucrative spice trade.
• The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and the expeditions and achievements of explorers such as Vasco da Gama had already granted Portugal full control of the eastwards route around southern Africa, and Manuel I was disinterested in Magellan’s ideas.
• During these adventures, Magellan purchased a Malay-speaking man, Enrique de Malacca, to be his slave, interpreter, and companion, who remained so on all Magellan’s later voyages.
• Magellan led five vessels, manned by a multinational, 270-strong crew, into the Atlantic, his flagship the Trinidad, plus the Santiago, San Antonio, Concepción, and Victoria.
• Word of Magellan's mission reached Manuel I, who dispatched a Portuguese naval detachment to follow the expedition, but Magellan outran them.
• Magellan was a dedicated student of maps and charts, consumed with an urge to explore, and had hatched a plan to pioneer a westward route to the Spice Islands, avoiding the perilous route around the Cape of Good Hope.
• Charles I commissioned Magellan to undertake the expeditionary mission he had been itching to pursue.
• The first voyage around the world was documented by Antonio Pigafetta during Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage in 1519 to 1521 in the Philippines.
• Antonio Pigafetta’s travelogue contributed immensely to the enrichment of Philippine historiography, providing a glimpse of the political, economic, and social conditions of the islands of the Visayan region during the 16th century.
• Antonio Pigafetta clearly described the physical appearance, social life, religious beliefs, and cultural practices of the people they encountered in the islands of Samar, Leyte, and Cebu.
• Ferdinand Magellan left Portugal and headed for Spain in 1518.
• On March 22, 1519, Ferdinand Magellan convinced King Charles I of Spain to support his voyage to the Spice Islands and the King promised Magellan one-fifth of the profits from the voyage to the Spice Islands.
• Spain provided five ships for the expedition: Ferdinand Magellan commanded the Trinidad, Juan de Cartagena commanded the San Antonio, Gaspar de Quesada commanded the Conception, and Luis de Mendoza commanded the Victoria.
• On February 3, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan reached the Equator.
• On March 6, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan reached the Pacific island of Guam.
• On March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines.
• On April 27, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan was killed by natives on the island of Mactan.
• Only 110 of the original crew members remained so they abandoned one of the ships - the Conception.
• The Trinidad tried to return back to Spain the same way they had came but was forced to return to the Spice Islands where they were imprisoned by the Portuguese.
• The Victoria was the last remaining ship.
• The king of Cebu was baptized as Christians.
• Magellan explained that the cross, the nail, and the crown were the signs of his emperor and that he was ordered to plant it in the places that he would reach and the cross would be beneficial for their people because once the Spaniards saw this cross, then they would know that they had been in this land and would not cause them troubles, and any person who might be held captives by them would be released.
• After the Mass, Magellan ordered that the cross be brought with nails and crowned in place.
• On April 14, the people gathered with the king and other principal men of the island.
• The king consulted his council and the next day, together with the other principal men of Cebu, they met in an open space and the king offered a bit of his blood demanded that Magellan do the same.
• Magellan spoke and encouraged the king to be a good Christian by burning all the idols and worship the cross instead.
• Magellan said that he was the captain himself and thus would not pay tribute to the other king.
• On April 7, 1521, Magellan and his men reached the port of Cebu, the largest and the richest of the islands with the helped of Raia Calambu.
• On March 31, Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore.