pt2

• The Proclamation of Philippine Independence was proclaimed on June 12, 1898, at the ancestral home of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo between four and five in the afternoon in Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit), Cavite, some 30 kilometers south of Manila.
• The Philippine Declaration of Independence, also known as 'An Act of the Proclamation of the Independence of the Filipino People', was written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, a lawyer and author of the Declaration of Philippine Independence.
• The event took place between four and five in the afternoon at the ancestral home of Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, featuring the unfurling of the first Philippine flag (sewn in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza) and the playing of the Marcha Filipina Magdalo by the San Francisco de Malabon Marching Band.
• The document contains a brief history of the hardships of the Philippines under the Spaniards, and using it as a justification for cutting or ceasing their allegiance to the Spanish crown.
• The document introduced and provided a brief background of our national flag.
• The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence, written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, shows how unsatisfied are the masses to the unjust and tyrannical rule of Spain in the Philippines.
• The Declaration of Philippine Independence was recognized by neither the United States nor Spain because Spain had ceded the Philippines to the United States through the Treaty of Paris.
• The document granted Emilio Aguinaldo, the power to run the government, as stated in the following passage as translated by Sulpicio Guevara, “Moreover, we confer upon our famous Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo all the powers necessary to enable him to discharge the duties of Government, including the prerogatives of granting pardon and amnesty.”
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (December 7, 1830 - December 4, 1903), also known as Don Bosyong, was a lawyer and author of the Declaration of Philippine Independence.
• The Philippines was a colony of the United States and of Japan, and was eventually granted independence on July 4, 1946.
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista was born in Biñan, Laguna to Gregorio Enriquez Bautista Silvestra Altamira.
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista studied law at the University of Santo Tomas (UST), obtaining a degree in 1865.
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista practiced law in Manila and offered free legal services to poor clients.
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista solicited funds to finance a campaign for reforms in the Philippines, later becoming a member of the La Liga Filipina, Cuerpo de Compromisarios and La Propaganda.
• In 1896, the Spaniards arrested and imprisoned Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista at Fort Santiago, as he was suspected of being involved in the Philippine Revolution; Bautista elected to defend himself and was later released from prison.
• In 1898, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista became the first adviser to President Emilio Aguinaldo and subsequently wrote the Declaration of Philippine Independence.
• The conditions in the Philippines during the time of the Proclamation of Philippine Independence were still under the Spanish colonization.
• The revolution was ignited by the abuses and injustices of the Spaniards against the Filipinos, which provoked the people to fight against Spanish colonial rule.
• The flag of the Philippines, with its design and colors described in the accompanying drawing, is unanimously adopted as the national flag.
• The colors blue, red and white in the flag of the Philippines commemorate those of the flag of the United States of North America, in manifestation of our profound gratitude towards that Great Nation for the disinterested protection she is extending to us and will continue to extend to us.
• The document was written or proclaimed by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, the War Counsellor and Special Delegate designated to proclaim and solemnize this Declaration of Independence by the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines, on June 12, 1898 in town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite.
• The document was written to provoke the people to fight more against the Spaniards, and that the other foreign country would recognize the proclamation.
• The three stars in the flag of the Philippines represent the three principal Islands of this Archipelago, Luzon, Mindanao and Panay, in which this insurrectionary movement broke out.
• The document was written intended for the Filipinos, including the 98 people who signed as the witnesses, and among them is an American.
• The document was written to recognize, approve, and ratify all things about dictatorship and independence of the country.
• The white triangle in the flag of the Philippines represents the distinctive emblem of the famous Katipunan Society, which by means of its compact of blood purged on the masses of the people to insurrection.
• Emilio Aguinaldo believed that the proclamation of the country’s independence would inspire the people to fight more against the Spaniards, and that other foreign countries would recognize the proclamation.
• The document serves as a proof of proclamation of the sovereignty and independence of the country from the abuses and injustices of the Spanish colonial rule.
• The document identifies the events that proved to be the decisive moments that sparked the movements against Spain as per stated in the Proclamation.
• The document cites the hardships/difficulties faced by the Filipinos during the Spanish period that fueled their revolutionary sentiments.
• The Dictatorship established by Don Emilio Aguinaldo is recognized as the Supreme Chief of this Nation.
• The document describes the kind of government that was envisioned for the Filipinos in the Proclamation.
• The sun in the flag of the Philippines represents the gigantic strides that have been made by the sons of this land on the road of progress and civilization, its eight rays symbolizing the eight provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna and Batangas, which were declared in a state of war almost as soon as the first insurrectionary movement was initiated.
• The country was still under the Spanish colonization when the document was written.
• The Proclamation of Philippine Independence declares the independence of the Filipino people from Spain.
• The document lists down the abuses of the Spanish colonial regime starting from the time of the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521.
• Political caricatures or cartoons are a form of art that depicts political figures and issues.
• The Spanish colonial period in the Philippines was characterized by strict censorship resulting in a lack of political liberty and minimal avenues for expressing political views.
• Alfred McCoy, born on June 8, 1945 in Massachusetts, USA, studied Philippine political caricatures to understand the social and political contexts of the Philippines during the American period and later worked with Alfredo Roces, his co-author of Philippine cartoon; Political Caricatures of the American Era.
• Alfredo R. Roces, born on April 29, 1923, was a painter, an essayist, and a versatile artist who is considered to be a prominent figure in Philippine art.