DNA Replication

• Helicase enzymes separate the DNA strands at the origin of replication.
• DNA is what is conserved when you have one cell and that cell has offspring.
• If you are passing something from parent to offspring, it's being inherited.
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA (mostly DNA) are bases for hereditary information. It is how we pass information from one generation to the next.
• Breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairings of DNA.
• DNA is what is conserved when you have one cell and that cell has offspring.
• If you are passing something from parent to offspring, it's being inherited.
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA (mostly DNA) are bases for hereditary information.
• Nucleic Acids are how we pass information from one generation to the next.
• A hereditary unit is a gene.
• A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for something (gene for hair color, eye color)
• Nucleotide Bases in DNA, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• DNA structure is double helix, (double stranded)
• Watson and Cric, rosalynn franklin -- late 40s early 50s
• Rosalynn Franklin worked on looking at molecular structure of DNA extra crystallography to extract biological samples and crystallize them and slice the crystal really thin and take an x-ray picture of it using a microscope
• Rosalynn Franklin was an expert, wanted to know what DNA looked like and took a famous photograph 51
• James Watson and Francis Crick took her lab notebook and stole photograph 51 and concluded that DNA was double stranded but did not give her credit, and they won the nobel prize.
• Rosalynn Franklin died from cancer by x-rays.
• RNA is single stranded, Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
• DNA- deoxyribose sugar
• RNA- ribose sugar
• DNA- cannot leave the nucleus
• RNA- can leave the nucleus
• DNA function-- storage and transmission of hereditary information
• RNA function-- protein synthesis, meet energy demands (ATP)
• Hydrogen bonds are weak alone, but strong together between bases.
• Chargoffs Rule: A goes with T (have 2 hydrogen bonds) A goes with U in RNA
• 30% G = 30% C
• Enzymes can make phosphodiester linkages.
• Translate RNA -> Protein
• People thought genes were protein because of central dogma
• Purines have 2 rings, Pyrimidines only have 1.
• C goes with G (have 3 hydrogen bonds)
• DNA Helicase separates the two template strands.
• Phosphodiester linkages happen on the 3’ carbon end of the deoxyribose sugar, so new nucleotide bases are added on the three prime end.
• The complement of the template strand is the complementary strand.
• Central dogma: DNA -> RNA -> Protein
• Translator: Codon Wheel
• DNA and gene contain information to synthesize RNA which is used to code for proteins.
• Transcribe DNA -> RNA