MAIN POINT

• INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS

  To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors.
• Universal Suffrage where it exists, the right to vote is not restricted by sex, race, social status, education level or wealth.


  Universal Suffrage
• it may be sometimes confused with Universal Suffrage, although the meaning of the former is the removal of graded votes, wherein a voter could possess a number of votes in accordance with income, wealth of social status

  Equal Suffrage
• Challenges in voters education include reaching marginalized populations, countering biased information sources, and ensuring ongoing engagement beyond election cycles.
• Sectoral struggle and political participation were only realized in 1935; when Act 4112, granting women the right of suffrage, was implemented; and when the peasant movement gained meaningful participation in political parties and in actually filling the government positions.
• The first democratic elections after World War II were the 1946 election for President and Vice President of the Republic, Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
• Plebiscites and Referendums


  Apart from regular elections, plebiscites and referendums may be held to decide specific issues, such as amendments to the constitution, territorial changes, or the creation of new local government units.
• Integrity: 


  A leader should have a strong sense of honesty and ethical behavior. Look for candidates who demonstrate consistency between their words and actions, and who have a track record of upholding moral principles
• Vision:


  Effective leaders have a clear vision for the future and can articulate their goals and plans for the betterment of the community, region, or country. Their vision should align with the needs and aspirations of the people.
• Empathy:


  Leaders who can understand and connect with the concerns, challenges, and emotions of their constituents are more likely to make decisions that benefit the broader population. Empathy helps leaders prioritize the welfare of the people they serve.
• Communication Skills:

  Strong communication skills are essential for a leader to convey their ideas, plans, and policies effectively. Leaders who can communicate clearly and persuasively are better equipped to rally support and inspire change.
• Problem-Solving Ability:

  Leaders should be adept at analyzing complex issues, identifying root causes, and developing practical solutions. Look for candidates who demonstrate critical thinking skills and a willingness to tackle difficult problems
• Collaboration: 


  Effective leaders are able to work with various stakeholders, both within and outside their own circles. A leader who values collaboration and seeks input from diverse perspectives is more likely to make well-informed decisions.
• Adaptability:

  The ability to adapt to changing circumstances and evolving challenges is crucial for a leader. Candidates who have demonstrated flexibility in their approach and decision-making are more likely to lead effectively in dynamic environments.
• Resilience: 


  Leaders often face setbacks and challenges. Those who can bounce back from adversity, maintain composure under pressure, and persevere through difficult times are better equipped to lead during turbulent periods.
• Accountability: 


  A good leader takes responsibility for their actions and decisions. Candidates who acknowledge their mistakes and are willing to be held accountable for their choices demonstrate a strong sense of leadership.
• Inclusivity: 


  Leaders who prioritize inclusivity and diversity create environments where all voices are heard and valued. Look for candidates who are committed to fostering a culture of equality and inclusiveness
• Experience and Competence: 


  While experience isn't the sole indicator of leadership potential, candidates who have relevant experience and a track record of accomplishments in public service or related fields often bring valuable insights to leadership roles.
• Judgment:


  Leaders must make informed and thoughtful decisions. Candidates with good judgment can weigh the pros and cons of different options and make choices that benefit the greater good.
• type of suffrage is characterized by the removal of graded votes based on income or social status


  Equal Suffrage
• term that signifies an identification with one's own nation and emphasizes unity through cultural background and heritage.

  nationalism