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Cells and movement across cell membranes
Enzymes
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Cards (19)
Enzymes = biological
catalysts
which speed up
reactions
catalyst
= used over and over - not
destroyed
Enzymes break down
large
molecules into
smaller
molecules or join smaller molecules to make bigger ones
An enzyme has an
active site
specifically shaped for its
substrate
A joined Enzyme and substrate =
enzyme-substrate complex
an
enzyme-substrate complex
produces
products
because the active site is no longer complimentary for the substrate
Lock and key theory/model
= an enzyme and substrate join, forming an enzyme-substrate complex, producing products
Enzymes =
proteins
= long chains of
amino acids
An enzyme's
amino acid
chain sequence determines the
shape
and
function
of the enzyme
Enzymes are
specific
so can only catalyse one type of
reaction
due to their
specific
shaped active site
Factors that affect enzymes =
temperature
;
pH
; Enzyme concentration;
substrate
concentration
best conditions for an enzyme =
optimum
condition
increased
temperature = more
kinetic
energy = Enzymes move
faster
= more chance of
collision
with substrate =
faster
rate of reaction
When the temperature is too
high
, the rate of reaction
decreases
because the enzyme's
active site
denatures.
denatures
= enzyme's
active
site becomes misshaped, no longer
complementary
to substrate
optimum
pH =
faster
rate of reaction
increasing the
enzyme
concentration = more enzymes to
collide
with substrate =
higher
chance of collision =
faster
rate of reaction
increasing the
substrate
concentration = more substrates for enzymes to
collide
with =
higher
chance of collision =
faster
rate of reaction
denatured
= active site is no longer
specifically
shaped for substrate = no
enzyme substrate-complexes
form =
reaction
stops
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