Cards (19)

    • Enzymes = biological catalysts which speed up reactions
    • catalyst = used over and over - not destroyed
    • Enzymes break down large molecules into smaller molecules or join smaller molecules to make bigger ones
    • An enzyme has an active site specifically shaped for its substrate
    • A joined Enzyme and substrate = enzyme-substrate complex
    • an enzyme-substrate complex produces products because the active site is no longer complimentary for the substrate
    • Lock and key theory/model = an enzyme and substrate join, forming an enzyme-substrate complex, producing products
    • Enzymes = proteins = long chains of amino acids
    • An enzyme's amino acid chain sequence determines the shape and function of the enzyme
    • Enzymes are specific so can only catalyse one type of reaction due to their specific shaped active site
    • Factors that affect enzymes = temperature; pH; Enzyme concentration; substrate concentration
    • best conditions for an enzyme = optimum condition
    • increased temperature = more kinetic energy = Enzymes move faster = more chance of collision with substrate = faster rate of reaction
    • When the temperature is too high, the rate of reaction decreases because the enzyme's active site denatures.
    • denatures = enzyme's active site becomes misshaped, no longer complementary to substrate
    • optimum pH = faster rate of reaction
    • increasing the enzyme concentration = more enzymes to collide with substrate = higher chance of collision = faster rate of reaction
    • increasing the substrate concentration = more substrates for enzymes to collide with = higher chance of collision = faster rate of reaction
    • denatured = active site is no longer specifically shaped for substrate = no enzyme substrate-complexes form = reaction stops
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