RBC stage maturation

• EMA binding test

  flow cytometry based test, most sensitive and specific test to confirm the diagnosis of HS
• overhydrated and Dehydrated stomatocytosis or hereditary xerocytes

  mutations that change in membrane transport proteins
• Hereditary spherocytosis, ellipticytosis/pyropoikilocytosis, southeast asian ovalocytosis

  mutations that change in membrane structure
• Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis

  Increased membrane permeability to potassium decreased intracellular potassium
• overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis

  Increased membrane permeability to sodium and potassium
• southeast asian ovalocytosis


  is a condition caused by a mutation in the gene for band 3 that results in increased rigidity of the membrane and resistance to invasion by malaria.
• hereditary pyropoikilocytosis


  a rare subtype of hereditary elliptocytosis
• Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis


  severe defect in spectorin that disrupts horizontal linkages in protein cytoskeleton ; severe fragmentation
• Hereditary elliptocytosis

  Defect in proteins that disrupts the horizontal linkages in the protein cytoskeleton j loss of mechanical stability of the membrane
• HS

  The one and only dse that is increased in MCHC
• HS

  Defect in protein that disturbs the vertical membrane interaction between transmembrane protein and underlying cytoskeleton
• Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

  autosomal recessive hereditary RBC membrane defects
• a -spectrin and B-spectrin

  primary cytoskeleton proteins
• GLUT 1


  Glucose transporter, supports ABH antigen
• Transmembrane ions


  channel ions, water and glucose, and anchor cell membrane receptor
• Transmembrane protein


  provides vertical support connecting the bilipid layer to the underlying cytoskeleton to maintain membrane integrity
• 8% carbohydrates, 40% lipids and 52% proteins


  RBC membrane constituents
• 15:1


  normal ratio of RBCS to platelet
• 600 : I


  normal ratio of RBCS to WBCS
• 8-32


  no. of erythrocytes produced from each rubriblast of a mature erythrocyte
• 120 days


  average life span of a red blood cell
• 1.5 to 2.5 um


  Thickness of Mature Erythrocyte
• biconcave disk


  shape of a mature erythrocyte
• mature erythrocyte


  cytoplasm is salmon pink with a central pallor occupying 1/3 of the cell's diameter
• 2-3 days, lday


  reticulocyte spends__ __ days in the BM and___ day in the peripheral blood before developing into a mature RBC
• Reticulocyte


  last immature erythrocyte stage
• Retics


  young RBCS containing residual RNA
• Reticulocyte


  last stage of hemoglobin synthesis
• Reticulocyte


  predominant color of cytoplasm is that of hemoglobin but with a bluish tinge because of some residual ribosomes and RNA
• Pitting Process


  Howell- Jolly bodies are typically removed from the RBCS by the splenic macrophage through____ process once they enter the circulation
• Pyrenocyte

  Enveloped extruded nucleus
• nucleated RBC, pyknotic erythroblast, acidophilio normoblast


  other names for metarubricyte
• Metarubricyte


  nudens is extruded at this stage and the cell becomes a reticule cycle
• Metarubricyte


  pyknotic nucleus and salmon pink cytoplasm
• Rubricyte


  First stage in which cytoplasm becomes pink
• Rubricyte


  Last stage capable of mitosis
• rubricyte


  each of this cell gives rise to two metarubricyte
• sky blue or robin egg blue

  cytoplasm of lymphocyte
• Muddy or gray


  color of cytoplasm of rubricyte
• crushed velvet


  nucleus of lymphocyte