CELL

• Plants contain a large central vacuole that occupies up to 90% of the cell's volume.
• Cells are the building blocks of all living beings, providing structure to the body and converting the nutrients taken from food into energy.
• An organelle is any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
• A eukaryote is an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
• A prokaryote is a microscopic single-celled organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other specialized organelles.
• Spontaneous Generation is a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter.
• Autotrophic organisms can produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis).
• Turgor pressure is a force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.
• The first two tenets of the Cell Theory are correct, but the third is clearly wrong.
• Cells are the simplest unit of matter that is living.
• There are two primary kinds of cells: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus containing DNA and DNA resides within membrane-bound structures in the cell (nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in plants).
• Animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cells have no true nucleus and DNA is coiled up in a region called the nucleoid.
• One-celled organisms that lack internal membrane-bound structures are examples of prokaryotic cells.
• DNA floats freely within the cell body in prokaryotic cells.
• Bacteria and archaeans are examples of prokaryotic cells.
• All living organisms in the kingdoms of life are composed of and depend on cells to function normally.
• Cells contain organelles, which are tiny cellular structures that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation.
• Cells contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), which are genetic information necessary for directing cellular activities.
• DNA is packaged into structures called chromosomes within a cell.
• Every chromosome contains many genes.
• Each gene is located at a particular site, or locus, on the chromosome.
• Three parts of cells are the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, where intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles are found.
• Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane, with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, no cell wall, and between 1 and 100 micrometers in size.
• Plant cells have membrane-enclosed nuclei and organelles.
• Plant cells contain a cell wall, cell membrane, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and cell (plasma) membrane.
• Animal cells have no cell wall but have a cell membrane, while plant cells have a cell wall and cell membrane.
• Animal cells do not contain plastids, while plants need plastids for photosynthesis.
• Animal cells have cilia for locomotion, while plant cells do not have cilia.
• Autotrophic organisms produce their own food and do not have to consume any other organisms.
• Photoautotrophic organisms use light energy from the sun to produce glucose.
• Animal cells contain a nucleus, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and cell (plasma) membrane.
• Heterotrophic organisms eat plants and other animals.
• Animal cells do not contain glyoxysomes, while plant cells degrade lipids, are found in germinating seeds, and are involved in the production of sugar.
• Animal cells have centrioles, used to organize assembly of microtubules during cell division, while plant cells do not have centrioles.
• Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells, have a round or irregular shape, form their energy storage in the form of the complex carbohydrate glycogen, produce 10 can be produced naturally; other essential amino acids must be acquired through diet, and only stem cells are capable of converting to other cell types.
• Animal cells contain cell structures specialized to perform functions necessary for normal cellular operation, known as organelles.
• Animal cells undergo cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm is divided into two parts, while plant cells construct a cell plate that divides the cell.
• Animal cells contain lysosomes, which contain enzymes that digest cellular macromolecules, while plant cells rarely contain lysosomes.