Pre-Industrial

• The globalisation of sport in the 21st century emerged from the Industrial Revolution, urbanisation, transport and communication, and the British Empire.
• The three-tier class system in the 20th century emphasised the middle class and working class.
• Mob Football is an unruly form of football played by the lower classes.
• Real Tennis is an upper-class activity of the time, with strict rules and moral code.
• Popular Recreation is the sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain.
• The development of national governing bodies in sport occurred in the 20th century.
• Rational recreation characteristics were developed in the 20th century.
• Association football, lawn tennis, athletics, and track and field events were rationalised in the 20th century.
• The status of amateur and professional performers was considered in the 20th century.
• The changing role of women in sport was considered in the 20th century.
• The industrial and post-industrial period (1780–1900) saw the provision of sport through factories, a three-tier class system with an emphasis on the middle class and working class, and the development of national governing bodies.
• The post-World War II (1950 to present) period saw the emergence of globalisation of sport, the provision of sport through schools, a two-tier class system with an emphasis on the middle class, and the development of elite female performers in football, tennis, and athletics.
• Pre-industrial (pre-1780) society was structured around the feudal system, with class divisions, limited transport/communications, and socio-cultural factors such as limited free time and long working hours.
• Popular recreation in pre-industrial society included Mob Football, Real Tennis, Foot Racing/ Pedestrianism, and activities such as Association football, Tennis, Athletics, and Golden triangle – the interrelationship between commercialisation, media, and sports and governing bodies.
• The status of amateur and professional performers was considered in the pre-industrial period.
• Factors affecting the emergence of elite female performers in football, tennis, and athletics in late 20th and early 21st century were considered in the pre-industrial period.
• The feudal system was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.
• Real Tennis was courtly, played by upper class/gentry, was written, had complex rules, and was played by men.
• Athletics, also known as "Foot Racing" or "Pedestrianism", consisted of footmen (hired servants) competing as messengers by the upper class (gentry) for their speed of movement across open land.
• Violent or unruly nature of mob games led to injury or death in extreme cases.
• A patron was a member of gentry who looked after a lower class performer, arranging competitions, generally looking after them & putting up prize money.
• Real Tennis was an exclusive activity played by the upper classes.
• Mob football was a simple, unwritten, limited rules activity played in the countryside.
• Real Tennis was played often and had purpose built facilities.
• Popular recreations such as mob games became increasingly unpopular with the local authorities as the nineteenth century progressed and were eventually banned for a variety of reasons.
• Mob games were linked to alcohol and drunken behaviour.
• Real Tennis was not local, as poor transport/communication prevented travel.
• Success in athletics meant increased social status for a 'gentleman'.
• Mob games involved gambling/wagering.
• Popular recreation in pre-industrial society was characterised by occasional activities, open land, very basic rules, no time limits or officials, aggression, and male dominance, with damage to property, land, and personal injuries, and wagers placed on lower classes as part of sporting contests.
• Mob football involved simple equipment such as a pigs bladder for a ball and was played occasionally, usually on holy days.
• Mob games led to properties being damaged.
• Real Tennis, also known as Royal Tennis or Sport of Kings, was another activity played in pre-industrial Britain but was very contrasting to mob games.
• Real Tennis had complex rules and a high moral code, and was played in a civilised manner.
• Real Tennis had a high moral code and was played in a civilised manner.
• Socio-cultural factors in pre-industrial Britain included limited transport/communications, activities were local and specific to each community, and people lived in the countryside.