Quantitative Methods

• What is Qualitative research - Research that is based on the collection of data that is gathered through observations, interviews, and questionnaires
• What is Quantitative research - Uses the collection and analysis of data to characterize processes or phenomena.
• What is population - The whole of an entity, or every member of a group
• What is a sample - A part of the group that is measured in some way
• What is descriptive statistics - used to summarize and present information
• What is Inferential statistics - allows inferences about a larger population from a sample
• What is exploratory statistics - A statistical technique that involves analyzing data to discover patterns and relationships.
• What is confirmatory Statistics - A statistical technique used to test the significance of a hypothesis.
• What is spatial autocorrelation - the tendency for the value of a variable to be higher in the same location
• What is nominal data - also often called categorical, observations are placed in different categories.
• What is ordinal data - data that can be ranked in order of magnitude, such as height, weight, and age
• what is interval data - data that is measured in equal intervals, such as height, weight, and temperature
• What is ratio data - data that is presented in the form of a ratio.
• what is discrete data - discrete data is data that can only take on a finite number of values
• what is continuous data - data that is stored in a computer in a sequential order (measured as supposed to counted)
• what is a histogram - a graph that shows the frequency of each category of data
• what is a scatter plot - a graph that shows the relationship between two variables on a graph
• what is central tendency - the most common value in a set of data.
• what is the mean - the average of a set of numbers, calculated by adding all the numbers and dividing by the number of numbers
• what is the median - the middle value in a set of data
• What is mode - the most common value in a data set
• What is a disadvantage of mode - can be heavily influenced by large outliers and long ails on distributions.
• What is a advantage of median - useful with data sets with extreme values
• what is a disadvantage of mode - can only be measured by nominal data, human error, bimodal or multimodal so single value doesn't represent overall count
• What does low variability mean - better predict things about the population vs high variability means less consistent and prediction is harder
• what is range - the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set?
• What is interquartile range - the difference between the middle value and the two extremes
• what is sample variance - the difference between the sample mean and the sample standard deviation squared
• What is sample standard deviation - the average difference between the sample mean and the sample mean
• what is the coefficient of variation - the range of values divided by the mean
• what is skewness - the degree of asymmetry of a distribution
• What is positive skewness - the tendency for the distribution to be more peaked towards the right
• What is negative skewness - the tendency for the distribution to be more skewed to the left
• What is kurtosis - measure of peakness in the histogram
• what is probability - measure of the likelihood or relative frequency of each possible outcome
• what are probably distributions—statistical functions that describe all the possible values and like hoods that a random variable can take within a given range
• what is binomial probability distribution - statistical function that describe that likelihood of different values or outcomes for a variable that is binomial. the probability associated with the number of successes in a binomial experiment
• what is a factorial - the product of all the whole numbers between 1 and the factorial number
• what is Poisson distribution - used for variable with count values I.E - days, month, years - sample plot, acres
• what is negative binomial distribution - a distribution used with variables with count values, must be a positive integer. However, this distribution is more similar to the geometric distribution described in the books