Disaster Risk Reduction

• Pacific Ring of Fire or the Circum- Pacific Belt
• Republic Act 10121 or the DRRM Act was signed on may 27, 2010
• The DRRRM Act states that provinces, cities, and municipalities play a greater role in building disaster resilience of communities, reducing disaster risk, enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities
• LDRRMF: Unique program in the Philippines that encourages local government to invest in disaster risk reduction
• Disaster: a sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage loss, and devastation to life and property.
• Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, substantial damage to the environment, disruption of life, community services or essential facilities, or significant economic losses if an emergency occurs.
• Disaster: a serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material, or environment losses, which exceed the ability of the affected to cope using their human resources
• An event becomes a disaster when it is sudden, and progressive, causing widespread human, material, or environmental losses.
• Disaster can be predicted or unpredicted
• Predicted calamities like typhoon becomes a disaster when its effect can no longer be controlled, disturbs people, damages properties, and unsettles events.
• Typhoon Yolanda: has an international name of Haiyan. Has a strength of 290 km/hour.
• Typhoon Yolanda: more than 7000 people perished. The storm surge was sudden and unexpected. And has flattened the entire city of Tacloban.
• Wow Wowie Stampede: A show is so popular that many came to ULTRA to watch the noon-time show. It turned to a disastrous tragedy when there was a human-induced disturbance among the watching crowd
• Typhoon Ondoy: turned into a disaster because of the amount of precipitation brought by its torrential rains that lasted for several days.
• Typhoon Ondoy: caused flash floods and floods in Metro Manila where thousand of houses submerged in water and was washed out from rivers and steros.
• Disaster Risk: The probability that a community's structure or geographic area is to be damaged by the impact of a hazard.
• Disaster Risk: Derived from the interaction of social and environmental processes from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerability of exposed.
• Natural Disasters: originate from FORCES of nature
• Human-Made Disaster: occur due to people's action against human, material, and environment.
• Human-made disasters includes transport and industrial accidents such as plane crashes and chemical spills. Terrorism also an example.
• Coastal Areas: storm surges, tsunami, tidal waves.
• Reclaimed Areas: flooding, sinkholes.
• Near Fault Lines: Earthquakes
• On foot of denuded mountains: mudslide, landslides
• Riverbanks and esteros: flooding, flashfloods
• Open field: thunder storm, hail storm, blizzard
• Near Volcanoes: Volcanic eruptions
• Formula of disaster: (vulnerability + hazard)/ capacity
• Vulnerability: state of susceptibility to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the absence of capacity to adapt.
• Exposure: the presence of people, livelihood, and environmental resources that may be subjected to potential harm, loss, or damage.
• It may be possible to be exposed but not vulnerable.
• most exposed countries worldwide: Vanuatu, Tonga, Philippines, Japan, Costa Rica.
• Most at risk countries: Vanuatu, Tonga, Philippines, Guatemala, Bangladesh.
• Various elements exposed to hazards: Physical Hazards, Cultural Hazards, economic hazards, and Environmental Hazards,
• Physical Hazards: " factor in the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it."
• Physical Hazard: vibrations, noise, heating devices, slipping, moving machinery accidents.
• Cultural Hazards: Also called social hazards. Results from your location, economic status, occupation, and behavioral choices.
• Cultural Hazard: Excessive Drinking, Honor killings, Reckless driving.
• Economic Hazards: major natural disasters which can have severe negative short-run economic impacts.
• environmental hazards: state of events that has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment and adversely affect adversely affect people's health.