Kidney

• Substances filtered into the renal tubule during glomerular drug filtration include water, salts, glucose, nitrogenous waste, and polar drug metabolites
• What percentage of renal plasma flow is filtered through the glomerulus?

  20%
• ABC transporters, such as p-glycoproteins, are active pumps that use ATP
• What is the term for an SLC transporter that facilitates the diffusion of a single species down its electrochemical gradient?

  Uniporter
• Match the type of carrier-mediated transport with its description:

  Antiport ↔️ Exchange of one molecule for another

  Symport ↔️ Transport two molecules together in same direction
• Drugs compete for transporters in tubular secretion, which can lead to drug interactions.
• Reabsorption of drugs in the tubules is primarily by passive diffusion
• In what type of urine are weak acids more rapidly excreted?

  Alkaline
• Order the hormones affecting the kidney based on their primary site of action:

  1️⃣ Afferent and efferent arterioles

  2️⃣ Distal convoluted tubule

  3️⃣ Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

  4️⃣ Collecting duct
• Match the hormone with its primary effect on the kidney:

  Angiotensin II ↔️ Arteriolar constriction

  Atrial natriuretic peptide ↔️ Afferent arteriolar dilation

  Antidiuretic hormone ↔️ Increases water uptake
• Basic drugs are ionized in acidic urine, leading to their more rapid excretion.
• What are some factors that can affect renal drug clearance?

  Age, weight, disease
• ACE inhibitors can interact with diuretics because they both affect diuresis
• The kidney is the main route of drug excretion.
• How much fluid do the kidneys filter per day?

  120L
• Glomerular filtration rate is controlled by autoregulation, neural control, and hormonal mechanisms.