Science

• The sun supports almost all life-forms on Earth.
• Aeroponics is the process by which plants are grown by supplying oxygen to their roots and by not using any growing medium.
• Plants convert light energy into chemical energy, the by-product of which is oxygen, which all life-form directly or indirectly rely on to live.
• Plants are called producers because they can produce their own food.
• Leaves, stem, and roots are the main vegetative organ of the plant.
• Leaves are among the most variable parts of the plants, varying in size, shape, color, texture, and arrangement along the stem.
• Leaves are also classified as monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous based on whether they have one or two cotyledons or seed leaves.
• The blade is the flat, widest part of the leaf.
• The apex is the tip of the blade.
• The base is the lowermost part of the blade.
• The midrib is a slender structure that extends from the base to the apex.
• Vein are slender structures that branch off from the midrib.
• Veinlet are tiny structures that branch off from the veins.
• The margin is the surrounding edge of the blade.
• The petiole or leafstalk is a slender structure that attaches the leaf to the stem.
• The midrib, veins, and veinlets serve as the framework of the blade.
• The leaf is bifacial or has two surfaces: upper or ventral surface and lower or dorsal surface.
• The ventral surface of the leaf is more exposed to sunlight than the dorsal surface.
• The epidermis is the outermost layer of the leaf, consisting of upper and lower epidermis.
• The cuticle is a waxy, thin film that covers the epidermis.
• Stomata are pores that contain the epidermis, facilitating gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere.
• Chlorophyll is the pigment that gives the plant its green color.
• Vascular bundles, composed of tube-like tissues of two types: phloem (food-conducting tissue) and xylem (water-conducting tissue), are also present in stems and roots, responsible for transporting food and water to other parts of the plants.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants (and few microorganisms) convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Chloroplast is an organelle in the plant cell, wherein carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) react in the presence of light and chlorophyll to form sugar and oxygen.
• Green plants, blue-green algae and some bacteria are photosynthetic organisms.
• Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the thylakoids of the chloroplast, utilizing light energy from the sun to yield chemical energy.
• Light-Independent Reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast, where the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reaction are used to convert CO2 into sugar.
• Photophosphorylation is the use of light energy to produce ATP.
• Cyclic Photophosphorylation occurs in bacterial photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun, where photons strike the electrons in the molecule of chlorophyll.
• Electron Transport Chain is a transferred to a series of electron acceptors.
• Ground Tissues are mainly for structural support.
• Meristem is the tissue which contain meristematic cells.
• Zone of Elongation is where new cells are growing.
• Stem is a usually an erect cylindrical support system of the plant.
• Obligate Anaerobes can aspire using only anaerobic compounds and die in the presence of oxygen.
• Vascular Tissues are to conduct food, minerals, and water throughout the plant.
• Roots absorb water and minerals needed to perform photosynthesis and anchorage of plants.
• Cells of eukaryotes, excluding bacteria, are known as eukaryotic cells.