Test II

• Vascular Bundles are a collection of tube-like tissues of two types: phloem (food-conducting tissue) and xylem (water-conducting tissue).
• Vascular Bundles are also present in stems and roots and are responsible for transporting food and water to other parts of the plants.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants (and few microorganisms) convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Chloroplast is an organelle in the plant cell.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) react in the presence of light and chlorophyll to form sugar and oxygen.
• Green plants, blue-green algae and some bacteria are photosynthetic organisms.
• Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the thylakoids of the chloroplast and utilizes light energy from the sun to yield chemical energy.
• Light-Independent Reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast and uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reaction to convert CO2 into sugar.
• Photophosphorylation is the use of light energy to produce ATP.
• Cyclic Photophosphorylation occurs in bacterial photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun, wherein photons strike the electrons in the molecule of chlorophyll.
• Electron Transport Chain is a series of electron acceptors.
• Noncyclic Photophosphorylation is a more complex phase of photosynthesis that occurs in plants and algae.
• Photolysis is a chemical process by which molecules are broken down into simpler units through light absorption.
• Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) is an electron carrier, to NADP, to the reduced form of NADP.
• The light energy from the sun enters the food chain through the producers at the base of trophic pyramid.
• Cytosol is the fluid component of the cell.
• Cellular Respiration is a significant process for cells to gain useful energy to execute cellular activities.
• Oxidation-Reduction Process is the loss or gain of electron by an atom, an ion, or a molecule.
• Glycolysis is the process of splitting or breaking down sugar molecules.
• Mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed organelle that is considered as the powerhouse of the cell.
• Cellular Respiration is a process by which the chemical energy stored in food is converted into usable form within the cell.
• Eukaryotic Cells are the cells of eukaryotes, that is all living organisms except bacteria.
• Aerobic Respiration is an energy-releasing series of chemical reactions that occur in the presence of oxygen.