The Ifugaos carved the bulul which they depict as their granary god.
In the Southern Philippines, okir, a curvilinear decoration, is an evidence of Indian and Islamic influences.
Spanish colonization brought Catholicism, imposed western culture, and gave rise to religious or Christian and folk arts.
There was also the rise of Hispanic baroque structure in the Philippines, where towns were created in a structure of a plaza complex with a church at the center.
Religious icons like santos and retablos have become essential in rituals.