Module 2

• The building blocks of a protein molecule.

  Amino acid
• The complement of the mRNA; triplet code in the tRNA.

  Anticodon
• Changes in the chromosomes where parts of the chromosomes are broken and lost during mitosis.

  Chromosomal mutations
• Each set of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA representing an amino acid or a start/stop signal.

  Codon
• Process in which the DNA is copied.

  DNA replication
• Set of rules that specify the codons in DNA or RNA that corresponds to the amino acids in proteins.

  Genetic code
• Messenger RNA, brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


  mRNA
• Any change in the DNA sequence.

  Mutation
• Is a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen. In DNA, there are four possible nitrogen bases: adenine(A), thymine (T), cytosine(C) and guanine(G).

  Nitrogenous base
• A form of DNA produced by combining genetic material from two or more different sources by means of genetic engineering.

  Recombinant DNA
• Ribosomal RNA; hold tightly to the mRNA and use its information to assemble amino acids.


  rRNA
• Process of copying DNA sequence into RNA.

  Transcription
• Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.

  Translation
• Transfer RNA; a type of RNA that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized in the ribosome.


  tRNA