DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

    Cards (49)

    • Digestive system is anatomically diverse for some species but the function is similar to all which is extract and absorb
    • Main organs of digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, anus
    • Two types of anatomy of digestive system: monogastric and polygastric
    • Organs of prehension: tongue, lips, teeth, beak 
    • Ruminant's doesn't have incisor teeth but has a functional dental pad for severing grass
    • 3 major salivary glands: parotid glands, submaxillary glands, and sublingual glands
    • Muscle of mastication: masseter, pterygoid, and temporalis muscle
    • Poygastric animals has four stomach compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
    • Functions of saliva: moistens, lubricate, provide digestive action, maintain water balance, buffer, source of recycled nutrients
    • Classification of mono-gastric: monogastric carnivores, monogastric omnivores, monogastric herbivores
    • Four regions of gastric stomach of monogastric: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
    • Digestive action - saliva has enzymes that breaks down starch or complex carbohydrates called amylase or alpha amylase
    • Saliva buffer - saliva has ions that maintain the pH level of stomach's acidity
    • Saliva water balance - if water is lacking, salivary glands will be dehydrated that will cause a sensation of thirst and stimulates to makes them drink water
    • VFA or volatile fatty acids are also one of the source of energy for animals
    • Salivary glands of cats: parotid, maxillary, sublingual, molar, zygomatic glands
    • Salivary glands of dogs: parotid, maxillary, sublingual, zygomatic glands
    • Cats are obligate or also called as strict carnivores
    • monogastric carnivores like cats required preformed vit A, amino acid taurine, and fatty acid arachidonic acid
    • what cells comprised the largest endocrine organ in the body?
      entero-endocrine cells
    • layers of gut wall: external serosa, muscularis externa, mucosa (muscularis mucosa, lamina propria, mucous membrane)
    • polygastric animals are all herbivores and pre-gastric fermenters
    • the temporalis muscle of monogastric carnivores is greatly enlarge to have a strong bite force for capture and holding prey
    • there is no ____ in cats
      alpha amylase
    • what kind of digestive tract does monogastric carnivores havsmall and simple
    • the stomach of large cats can expand to hold large meals while domestic cats can only suit to smaller meals
    • this is an essential dietary amino acids for cats?
      taurine
    • bears doesn't have a caecum and cannot digest low quality plants
    • bears is an example of?
      monogastric omnivores
    • monogastric herbivores are all ____?
      post gastric fermenters
    • post gastric fermenters are further divided into: caecal fermenters and colonic fermenters
    • caecal fermenters include rabbits, rodents, horses, ruminants (cattle, sheep)
    • these are _____ fermenters if the animals are <5kg
      caecal fermenters
    • these are _____ fermenters if the animals are >50kg
      colonic fermenters
    • monogastric herbivores' saliva contains alpha amylase?
      yes
    • where does the most absorption happen in small intestine?
      jejunum
    • what is the major disadvantage of being monogastric herbivores?
      late absorption of vitamin B and K
    • caecotrophy is when an animal is eating their feces to absorb the nutrients again
    • what animals do caecotrophy that are advantage to them?
      rabbits
    • monogastric herbivores have a well developed mastication muscle
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