Bacte

• Yersinia enterocolitica is cultured on CIN Medium (Cefsulodin - Irgasan - Novobiocin), which results in "Bull's Eye Colonies".
• Yersinia enterocolitica causes Bacteremia and Enterocolitis, characterized by fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
• Yersinia enterocolitica is the most common cause of death associated with bacterial contaminated units.
• The first semester of Medical Technology Assessment Program (MTAP) focuses on Family Micrococcaceae, Types of Hemolysis, Growth on Loeffler’s Serum Slant (LSS), Growth on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Catalase Test, Tests to Differentiate Staphylococcus from Micrococcus, Modified Oxidase Test, CHO Oxidation Fermentation Test (OF Test), Coagulase Test, Slide Coagulase, Tube Coagulase, DNAse test/DNA Hydrolysis test, Novobioci, and Pathologic Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus.
• The second semester of MTAP focuses on Family Streptococcaceae, Streptococci, Brown’s Classification, Lancefield Classification, Laboratory Tests, Gram Stain, Growth on BAP, Catalase Test, Bile Esculin Hydrolysis, PYRase, LAP Test, CAMP Reaction, Hippurate Hydrolysis, Bacitracin and Sulfamethoxazole - Trimethoprim Susceptibility Tests, Scarlet Fever, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Viridans Streptococci, Nutritionally Variant Streptococci (Abiotrophia spp.).
• The third semester of MTAP focuses on Gram-negative Cocci, Neisseria, and Gram-negative Bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, Laboratory Tests, Growth on media, TSI, LIA, Indole Test, MRVP Test, Citrate Utilization.
• Phenylalanine Deaminase (PAD) is a test used to identify Phenylalanine Deaminase-positive bacteria.
• The Urease Test is used to identify Urease-positive bacteria.
• Malonate Utilization is a test to differentiate between Enterobacter, Salmonella

  subgroups 2,3 (former Arizona) from Shigella, most Salmonella, E. coli
• The ONPG Test is used to identify β-Galactosidase-positive bacteria.
• Gelatin Liquefaction is a test used to identify Gelatin Liquefaction-positive bacteria.
• Yersinia pestis, Yersinia enterocolitica are species of bacteria.
• The Decarboxylase Test is used to identify Decarboxylase-positive bacteria.
• Equisimilis is a species of Streptococcus that causes severe pharyngitis followed by bacteremia and is an opportunistic pathogen that may also be associated with pneumonia, cellulitis, and abscess.
• Group D Enterococci can be differentiated from Group D Non-Enterococci by testing for Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYRase) and Leucine aminopeptidase.
• Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus avium are non-enterococci.
• The CAMP (Christie, Atkins, Munch, Petersen) reaction enhances the zone of hemolysis and is positive for Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae) and Listeria monocytogenes (rectangular block).
• Hippurate hydrolysis determines the ability of a bacterium to hydrolyze sodium hippurate to benzoic acid and glycine, and is positive for Group B strep (Streptococcus agalactiae).
• Gram-negative bacteria ferment glucose and some ferment lactose.
• The mnemonic for remembering the characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae is CPON NR GF FA, standing for Catalase Positive, Oxidase Negative, Nitrate Reducer, Glucose Fermenter, and Facultative Anaerobe.
• Enterobacteriaceae are facultative anaerobes, able to grow with or without oxygen.
• Gram-negative bacteria are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes motile rods with peritrichous flagella except for Klebsiella (with capsule) and Shigella (nonmotile; inert).
• The enzyme responsible for nitrate reduction in Enterobacteriaceae is nitrosoreductase.
• Gas production is often associated with Enterobacteriaceae, except for Shigella.
• Enterobacteriaceae are catalase positive except for Shigella dysenteriae.
• Enterobacteriaceae are nitrate reducers, reducing nitrate to nitrite except for Erwinia and Pantoea agglomerans.
• Enterobacteriaceae are oxidase negative to differentiate from Vibrio (oxidase positive).
• Enterobacter cloacae is the most predominant isolate.
• Klebsiella ozaenae causes purulent sinus infections.
• Klebsiella is IMVIC -, motile, and produces a mucoid growth with a large polysaccharide capsule.
• Enterobacter sakazakii produces yellow pigmentation that intensifies at 25 o C.
• Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis causes granuloma of the nose and oropharynx.
• Enterobacter gergoviae increases the production of LDC, ODC, ADH.
• Klebsiella pneumoniae is known as Friedlander’s bacillus, is encapsulated, and appears as mucoid colonies that tend to string.
• Klebsiella oxytoca mimics K pneumoniae.
• Serratia odorifera produces a rancid potato-like odor.
• Serratia is a common opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized patients.
• HUS, the most severe manifestation of EHEC, is associated with certain serotypes such as Escherichia coli O157:H7.
• VTEC produces Verotoxin, a cytotoxin that resembles that of Shigella dysenteriae.
• Serratia marcescens and Serratia rubidea produce a red, non-diffusible pigment Prodigiosin.