Bacte Part 3

• Gram (-) organisms on MacPseudomonas aeruginosa are obligate aerobes, motile with 1 or 2 polar flagella and rod-shaped, with a sweet, grape-like, corn-taco like odor resulting from the production of 2-aminoacetophenone.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows well at temperatures between 37-42 º C, and its growth at 42 º C differentiates it from other Pseudomonas spp.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa is oxidase positive, with the oxidase test using N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenedia mine (TMPD) resulting in a dark purple color when oxidized and a colorless color when reduced.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a blue-green, diffusible pigment known as Pyocyanin, which is blue, and Pyoverdin, also known as Pyoverdine.
• Lophic; TCBS- green or yellow coloniesHaemophilus ◻ Nonmotile, non-sporeforming ◻ Facultative anaerobes ◻ Most spp. are oxidase and catalase positive ◻ Preferred incubation: 35-37 º C, 5-10% CO 2 ◻ Requirements: X factor (Hemin) - from the degradation of Hgb; heat stable, V factor (NAD/Coenzyme I) - produced by some bacteria and yeast; can be obtained from potato and yeast extract; heat-labileHaemophilus influenzae
• Haemophilus ducreyi is the infective agent of CHANCROID or soft chancre, a venereal disease characterized by painful ulcers in the genitalia.
• Haemophilus influenzae can be seen sitting around Staphylococcus aureus using a Gram-stain technique.
• Haemophilus ducreyi can be identified using a short bacilli in a school of fish arrangement.
• Haemophilus influenzae is associated with respiratory conditions including epiglottitis.
• Haemophilus influenzae is the main cause of meningitis in children aged 1 month – 5 years old.
• Haemophilus influenzae is a species of bacteria that was formerly known as PFEIFFER’S BACILLUS.
• Haemophilus influenzae has six serotypes (a, b, c, d, e and f), with the most frequently encountered serotype in infection being b.
• Haemophilus ducreyi requires X factor only and is the smallest pathogenic bacteria.
• Haemophilus aegyptius, also known as Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius, causes Pink-eye conjunctivitis.
• Encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae are pathogenic, while some are non-encapsulated strains.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to a number of disinfectants and has been responsible for serious nosocomial infections.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes mild otitis media/externa, also known as Swimmer’s ears.
• Coliform bacteria hydrolyzes casein, a milk protein.
• Vibrio vulnificus has clinical significance in septicemia and wound infections involving marine environment, is halophilic, and ferments sucrose to produce green colonies on TCBS.
• Pseudomonas syncyanea changes the color of milk to blue.
• Vibrio cholerae produces choleragen toxin which stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to GI fluid loss and “rice-watery stool”.
• Vibrio, a comma-shaped bacillus, is a facultative anaerobe, monotrichous, oxidase positive, and can be differentiated from Enterobacteriaceae by its halophilic nature, except Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus.
• Fluorescein, green produces infection of wound and burns, giving rise to blue-green pus.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa changes the color of milk to blue green.
• Vibrio mimicus has clinical significance in gastroenteritis and ear infections involving marine environment, is nonhalophilic, and ferments sucrose to produce green colonies on TCBS.
• Flavobacterium synxanthum changes the color of milk to yellow.
• Burkholderia mallei causes Glanders Disease, a disease of horses and similar animals transmissible to humans.
• Alcaligenes viscous is a capsule-forming bacteria which causes slimy or ropy milk.
• Vibrio cholerae biotypes (biovars) include Classical and El Tor.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause hot tub or Whirlpool dermatitis in spa.
• Vibrio alginolyticus has clinical significance in wound and ear infections associated with marine environment, is halophilic, and ferments sucrose to produce yellow colonies on TCBS.
• Vibrio parahemolyticus has clinical significance in gastroenteritis, usually associated with contaminated seafood, is halophilic, and ferments sucrose to produce green colonies on TCBS.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause respiratory infection in patients with Cystic fibrosis.
• Burkholderia pseudomallei, also known as Whitmore’s Bacillus, causes Meliodosis, an endemic glander’s-like disease of animals and humans.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause keratitis associated with contaminated contact lens care solution.
• Vibrio cholerae is cultured on Alkaline Peptone Water and TCBS, with TCBS yielding yellow colonies, and is associated with seafoods.
• Vibrio cholerae serogroups include Inaba, Ogawa, and Hikojima.
• Streptococcus lactis causes souring of milk.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause skin lesion, Ecthyma Gangrenosum.
• Serratia marcescens changes the color of milk to red.