liver *5

Created by

Begumzz

Cards (23)

define excretion ?
The process of eliminating metabolic waste products from the body
how is carbon dioxide excreted ?
exhalation
How are bile pigments excreted ?
in bile from the liver into small intestine via the gallbladder and bile duct
How are bile pigments formed ?
they are formed from the breakdown of haemoglobin from old red blood cells
What happens if carbon dioxide is not excreted ?
hydrogencarbonate reduces the ability for hamoglobin to transport oxygen and hydrogencarbonate ions also form carbominohaemoglobin which has lower oxygen affinity than haemoglobin causing low blood pH causing acidic blood
How is urea formed ?
deamination of amino acid, the amino acid reacts with oxygen to form keto acid and ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form urea and water
where is urea excreted from ?
transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine
Function of Kupffer cells ?
Phagocytosis and immune response in the liver and kills old red blood cells
Why is the hepatic artery helpful to the liver ?
it supplies it with oxygenated blood
how does the sinusoid containing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood help the liver ?
Oxygenates the liver.
how do you tell the difference between Hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery ?
vein has a thinner muscle and wider lumen
how to tell between the hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein ?
close
A) the hpv is close to the HA . HV is far away
How to distinguish between bile duct and hepatic artery ?
hepatocytes surround the bile duct
what cells bile produced ?
liver cells
What is the benefit of bile to lipid digestion ?
emulsifies lipids for digestion, increases surface area and volume ratio so lipase can work easier
what do hepatocytes do in response to insulin ?
stores glucose as glycogen
What do hepatocytes do in response to glucagon ?
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
What blood vessel carries glucose to the sinusoid ?
hepatic portal vein
what blood vessel carries insulin / glucagon from the pancreas to the sinusoid ?
hepatic artery
what is the deamination process ?
ammonia produced as well as a keto acid
What is the ornithine cycle ?
Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form urea and water
what is the process for detoxification ?
ethanol oxidised to ethanal via ethanol dehydrogenase. Ethanal oxidised to ethanoate via ethanal dehydrogenase. Ethanoate enters krebs cycle. one reduced NAD is produced each time
Why can ethanol damage cells ?
it is lipid soluble so can enter through the phospholipid bilayer and damage cells