Evolution

• What is evolution?

  change in allele frequencies over time
• Darwin based his theory on what?

  On two things, over reproduction and individual variation
• What does evolution explain?

  common features and diversity
• What are the points of biblical+ Aristotle classification system?

  1. Organisms had been specially created by God
  2. Species could never change or become extinct
  3. New species could never arise
• Linnaeus introduced the binomial species classification
• Lamarck is most well-known for, the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
• What is the inheritance of acquired traits refer too?

  This is the idea that changes that an organism gains during its lifetime are passed on to its offspring.
• What are useless parts that may have functioned in the ancestors?

  Vestigial Structures
• The similarity present in a group of organisms because of shared ancestry is called?

  Homology
• What is natural selection?

  Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
• The inherited aspects of an individual that make it better suited to a particular environment than other individuals are referred to as adaptation
• mutation—a random and heritable change in the DNA sequence
• Natural selection is referred to as a theory of evolution
• the actual rate of change within a population is generation time
• A difference in the nucleotide sequence of a given gene in different individuals of a species is referred to as a polymorphism
• A major facet of research in DNA polymorphisms is the study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs, also known as snips
• Genetic variation, the raw material of evolutionary change, has two potential sources: the production of new alleles and the rearrangement of existing alleles into new combinations
• What is the importance of control?

  The importance of the control is that it tells researchers what they would see if the experimental treatment had no effect.
• The null hypothesis is a prediction of what researchers would see if that particular factor had no effect. (Hardy-Weinberg)
• Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg:

  1. No migration
  2. No mutation
  3. Random Mating
  4. Large population
  5. No NS(all genotypes in the population survive and reproduce equally well)
• A mutation is a change to the double-strand sequence of DNA
• What are the types of mutation?

  Substitution(point), insertion, deletion, inversion, duplication
• a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression, which is a decline in the average fitness of inbred individuals in a population