Impact of Training on Lifestyle Diseases

• The adaptations to exercise have a preventative effect on many lifestyle diseases.
• Cardiovascular disease is a term for all diseases of the heart and blood circulation.
• Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the western world and includes heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and more.
• Coronary hear disease (CHD) is any condition that is detrimental to the efficiency of the cardiovascular system.
• CHD is the failure of the srteries to supply enough oxygen to the myocardium.
• CHD is the result of atherosclerosis and cause angina or a heart attack.
• CHD develops slowly over many years.
• In some people, breathlessness when exercising is the only sympton of CHD.
• People may not know they have CHD or that anything is wrong until they develop angina or have a heart attack.
• Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CHD.
• Atherosclerosis is when fatty plaque's (artheromas) ,which are a build up of cholesterol on artery walls, cause hard plaques on artery walls.
• Artheromas in atherosclerosis narrows the lumen, restricting blood flow which could cause a blood clot. This could lead to chronic high blood pressure and heart attack.
• Atherosclerosis doesn't often cause symptoms until the lumen is critically narrowed or totally blocked.
• Atherosclerosis prevents efficient vasoconstriction and vasodilation of arterioles resulting in less efficient vascular shunt mechanism.
• Atherosclerosis symptoms are highly variable and can range from no symptoms to a heart attack or a stroke.
• Angina (heart attack) is when fatty plaque (atheroma's) break away from an arterial wall causing a blood clot which can block the coronary artery feeding the myocardium.
• The sudden and severe restriction or complete blockage of oxygen supply to myocardium seen in angina usually causes permanent damage to the heart wall.
• Angina is chest pain caused by the partial blockage of coronary artery causing a loack of ocygen to the myocardium (heart tissue).
• Most heart attacks cause severe pain in the centre of the chest and can feel like very bad ingestion.
• Symptoms of angina can happen suddenly; but sometimes the pain develops more slowly.
• A symptom of angina is a feeling of heaviness, squeezing or crushing in the centre of your chest. Pain may be spread to your arms, neck, jaw, face, back, and stomach lasting for hours.
• Other symptoms of angina can be a loss of consciousness, sweatiness, breathlessness, and feeling or being sick.
• A stroke is a serious life threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off.
• Strokes are a medical emergency that require urgent treatment.
• The sooner a person recieves treatment for a stroke, the less damage is likely to happen.
• A stroke can be caused by a blockage in the cerebral artery in the brain or blood vessel/s bursting within/on the brains surface.
• The symptoms of a stroke are FAST.
• In regards to symptoms of a stroke, F stands for face dropped on one side.
• In regards to symptoms of a stroke, A stands for not able to lift both arms.
• In regards to symptoms of a stroke, S stands for slurred or gargled speech.
• In regards to symptoms of a stroke, T stands for time to dial 999.
• Research has found that cardiovascular disease is more likely to occur in people with the following risk factors: age; gender; family history; smoking; high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels; overweight and inactive lifestyle; and high levels of stress.
• As the body ages the blood vessels become less elastic, damaged and narrowed the risk of CVD increases.
• Men are generally at a higher risk of CVD than women. Women's risk of CVD increases after menopause.
• If you have CVD in your family you will be more likely to develop CVD.
• Smoking reduces the elasticity of the blood vessels, therefore smokers are more likely to develop CVD.
• High blood pressure and cholesterol cause an increase in the formation of fatty plaaques in the blood vessels, which can lead to hardening and thickening of blood vessels therefore uncontrolled high blood pressure and a higher risk of CVD.
• A lack of exercise will lead to excess weight which puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of CVD.
• Unrelieved stress may worsen the other factors of CVD.
• To prevent CVD an individual could follow a healthy lifestyle - healthy diet, don't smoke, low levels of alcohol consumption, and low levels of stress.