Key concepts

• the ph of a neutral solution is 7
• the ph of a neutral solution is 7
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidic solutions and values above 7 indicating basic or alkaline solutions.
• animal cells – HAVE nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria and

  ribosomes

  plant cells – HAVE nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts,

  mitochondria, vacuole and ribosomes

  c bacteria – HAVE chromosomal DNA, plasmid dna
• sperm cells – HAS acrosome, haploid nucleus, mitochondria and

  tail

  egg cells – HAS nutrients in the cytoplasm, haploid nucleus
• an enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up reactions without being using up products
• diffusion is the overall movement of particles against concentration gradient low-high
• osmosis is the overnall net movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane
• a haploid nucleus has a single set of chromosome
• a diploid nucleus has more than one set of chromosomes
• active transport the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration which requires energy
• the function of a cytoplasm is to provide chemical reactions to take place
• the function of the nucleus is to store the DNA
• Benedict's reagent tests for sugars and it goes from blue to brick red
• The function of ribosomes are where proteins are made
• The function of chloroplasts is photosynthesis
• the iodine test is used to test for starch. the color goes from orange red to blue black
• the emulsion test is for lipids
• the buret tests is for proteins
• the cell wall is used to protect the cell
• the cytoplasm contains organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes
• the nucleus controls all activities within the cell
• chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy
• amylase turns carbs into sugars
• protease is an enzyme for proteins to turn into amino acids
• lipids= lipase