Epidermis: The outer layer, thin and transparent, allows light to penetrate. Contains stomata for gas exchange.
Mesophyll: Middle layer where photosynthesis happens.
Palisade Mesophyll: Tightly packed cells with lots of chloroplasts for maximum light absorption.
Spongy Mesophyll: Cells with air spaces for gas exchange.
Chloroplasts: Organelles in cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Stomata: Tiny pores on the underside of leaves that open to let in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
Veins: Vascular structures that provide support and transport water, nutrients, and sugars.