CHEM

• Chemistry is the branch of science dealing with the structure, composition, properties, and the reactive characteristics of matter
• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
• CHEMISTRY study of the transformation of matter.
• Inorganic chemistry, historically, focused on minerals and metals found in the earth.
• organic chemistry dealt with carbon-containing compounds that were first identified in living things.
• Biochemistry is an outgrowth of the application of organic chemistry to biology and relates to the chemical basis for living things.
• Chemistry is one branch of science.
• Science is the process by which we learn about the natural universe by observing, testing, and then generating models that explain our observations.
• Biology is the study of living things
• geology is the study of rocks and the earth.
• Areas of Chemistry

  • Physical chemistry
  • Organic chemistry
  • Inorganic chemistry:
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Biochemistry
• Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems, such things as the rates of chemical reactions, the energy transfers that occur in reactions, or the physical structure of materials at the molecular level.
• Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals containing carbon.
• Carbon is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and is capable of forming a tremendously vast number of chemicals
• Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemicals that, chemicals are commonly found in rocks and minerals.
• Analytical chemistry is the study of the composition of matter. It focuses on separating, identifying, and quantifying chemicals in samples of matter
• :Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur in living things.
• hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells.
• Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a procedure called the scientific method.
• scientific method, consists of making observations, formulating hypotheses, and designing experiments, which in turn lead to additional observations, hypotheses, and experiments in repeated cycles.
• scientific method

  Step 1: Make observations

  Step 2: Formulate a hypothesis

  Step 3: Design and perform experiments

  Step 4: Accept or modify the hypothesis

  Step 5: Development into a law and/or theory
• Qualitative observations describe properties or occurrences in ways that do not rely on numbers.
• . Quantitative observations are measurements, which by definition consist of both a number and a unit.
• Experiments are systematic observations or measurements, preferably made under controlled conditions—that is, under conditions in which a single variable changes
• the law of definite proportions, which was discovered by the French scientist Joseph Proust (1754–1826), states that a chemical substance always contains the same proportions of elements by mass
• Matter is defined as any substance that has mass.
• Weight is the result of the pull of gravity on an object
• The Mass of an object, however, is an inherent property of that object and does not change, regardless of location, gravitational pull, or whatever. It is a property that is solely dependent on the quantity of matter within the object.
• 3 States of Matter

  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gas
• Classification of Matter

  1. Physical and Chemical Properties
  2. . Elements and Compounds
  3. Mixtures
• physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
• Chemical properties of matter describe its potential to undergo some chemical change or reaction by virtue of its composition.
• chemical element is a pure substance that consists of one type of atom.
• Each atom has an atomic number, which represents the number of protons that are in the nucleus of a single atom of that element.
• The chemical elements are divided into the metals, the metalloids, and the non-metals.
• When two distinct elements are chemically combined—i.e., chemical bonds form between their atoms—the result is called a chemical compound.
• An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element. It comes from the greek word “atomos” which means unable to cut
• An atom consists of two regions.

  1. atomic necleus, protons and neutrons
  2. "cloud" of electrons
• Atomic nucleus, which is in the center of the atom and contains positively charged particles called protons and neutral, uncharged, particles called neutrons