social cognition: mental processes when you make a social action based on understanding of social situation
perspective taking: ability to look at others perspectives in social situations
Selman contradicts Piagets ideas of egocentrism by saying development of social perspective is a separate process
Selmans perspective taking research: 20 4-5 year olds and 20 6 year olds asked to take perspectives of holly and her father, in the scenario where she made a promise to her dad to never climb trees but her friends cat was stuck up a tree
Selmans perspective taking research findings: level of role taking identified through stages and correlated with age making it a developmental sequence
stage 0 (3-6 years) socially egocentric: can't distinguish between own emotions and others
stage 1 (6-8 yrs) social information role taking: can tell difference between own and others point of view, but only focus on one
stage 3 (8-10 yrs) self reflecting role taking: can put themselves in other peoples perspectives but only one at a time
stage 3 (10-12 yrs) mutual role taking: look at situation from their opinion and others at the same time
stage 4 (12 yrs) social and conventional: understanding others viewpoints is not enough to allow pope to reach agreement, begin to understand societal values and the law
later realised stages don't fully explain social development so identified 3 aspects to social development
interpersonal understanding: what Selman measured in early role taking research, when we take different roles we can understand social situation
interpersonal negotiation strategies: develop skills on how to respond to social situations such as managing conflict
awareness of personal meaning of relationships: reflection on social behaviour in the context o life history and relationships
