2.1.1 The Particle Model

• What does the Particle Model describe matter as being composed of?

  Small particles
• What is the shape of the individual elements that make up the solid?

  Circles
• What is the state of matter shown in the image?

  Liquid
• Why are the liquid droplets shown in the image circular in shape?

  Due to surface tension and the tendency of liquids to minimize their surface area
• What is the shape of the individual elements that make up the solid?

  Circles
• What is the name of the geometric shape shown in the image?

  Solid
• If you were asked to create a visual representation of a gas for an educational context, how might you depict it differently than the image shown?

  I might show the gas as a more diffuse, transparent substance to better represent its formless, invisible nature
• What are the key visual characteristics of the gas shown in the image?

  • Orange/red colored circles
  • Circular shape
  • Multiple instances of the gas shown
• What is the name of the geometric shape shown in the image?

  Solid
• What is the purpose of this image in the context of the study material?

  To illustrate the concept of a solid geometric shape
• The motion of particles in matter is visible to the naked eye

  False
• If the liquid droplets were placed on a hydrophobic surface, how would their shape differ from the circular shape shown?

  They would form beads with a higher contact angle
• What type of movement do particles in solids exhibit?

  Vibration
• How many individual elements (circles) make up the solid?

  9
• What is the purpose of this image in the context of the study material?

  • To illustrate the concept of a solid geometric shape
  • To show how a solid can be composed of multiple individual elements
  • To demonstrate the visual representation of a solid
• What is the spacing like between particles in solids?

  Fixed
• What type of arrangement do particles in liquids have?

  Irregular arrangement
• How does the visual representation of the gas in the image differ from how gases are typically depicted?

  • Gases are typically shown as transparent or colorless
  • The gas in the image is represented as distinct, colored circles rather than a diffuse, formless substance
• What is the color of the liquid shown in the image?

  Orange
• In solids, particles move freely in all directions.

  False
• How do the particle interactions differ between the three states of matter?

  In solids, particles are tightly bound and have strong interactions. In liquids, particles have moderate interactions allowing flow. In gases, particles have weak interactions and move freely.
• What might the visual representation of the gas in the image be intended to convey or emphasize?

  • The distinct, circular shapes may be used to highlight the discrete, particulate nature of gases
  • The vivid coloring may be used to draw attention to the gas or make it more visually striking
• How would the density of the three states of matter compare?

  • Solid: Highest density
  • Liquid: Intermediate density
  • Gas: Lowest density
• What is the arrangement of particles in solids?

  Regular
• How many individual elements (circles) make up the solid?

  9
• What is a key property of gases regarding their movement?

  Free and fast
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• Match the state of matter with its particle arrangement:

  Solid ↔️ Fixed

  Liquid ↔️ Irregular

  Gas ↔️ Random
• Match the property with the correct state of matter:

  Arrangement in solids ↔️ Regular

  Movement in liquids ↔️ Flowing

  Spacing in solids ↔️ Fixed

  Arrangement in liquids ↔️ Irregular
• What two aspects of particle behavior determine a substance's physical properties?

  Arrangement and movement
• What is the shape and volume of a solid?

  Definite shape and volume
• Why can gases be compressed easily?

  Large spaces between particles
• How are particles arranged in gases?

  Far apart
• How do the particle arrangements differ between the three states of matter?

  • Solid: Particles are closely packed in a regular, ordered arrangement
  • Liquid: Particles are close together but not in a regular pattern, allowing them to flow
  • Gas: Particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• What are the characteristics of a liquid state of matter?

  • Fixed volume but no fixed shape
  • Atoms/molecules are loosely packed and can flow past each other
  • Easily deformable but incompressible
• What are the characteristics of a solid state of matter?

  • Fixed shape and volume
  • Atoms/molecules are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions
  • Incompressible and difficult to deform
• Arrange the states of matter from most to least ordered particle arrangement:

  1️⃣ Solid

  2️⃣ Liquid

  3️⃣ Gas
• Why do gases move freely in all directions?

  Weak particle forces
• What are the characteristics of a gas state of matter?

  • No fixed shape or volume
  • Atoms/molecules are widely spaced and move randomly
  • Easily compressible and expandable