2.1.2 Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

• What are the two defining properties of solids?

  Fixed shape and volume
• What are the characteristics of a gas state of matter?

  • No fixed shape or volume
  • Atoms/molecules are widely spaced and move randomly
  • Easily compressible and expandable
• What are the characteristics of a liquid state of matter?

  • Fixed volume but no fixed shape
  • Atoms/molecules are loosely packed and can flow past each other
  • Easily deformable but incompressible
• How can the state of matter be changed?

  • Increasing/decreasing temperature can cause changes between solid, liquid, and gas
  • Increasing/decreasing pressure can also cause changes between states
• What determines the volume of a state of matter?

  Particle arrangements
• Describe the particle arrangement in gases.

  Far apart, random
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• Where is air commonly compressed into?

  Tires
• How do the particle interactions differ between the three states of matter?

  In solids, particles are tightly bound and have strong interactions. In liquids, particles have moderate interactions allowing flow. In gases, particles have weak interactions and move freely.
• What is a common example of a liquid used daily?

  Water
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• How many states are shown in the map?

  48 states are shown in the map.
• The particles in liquids are tightly fixed in place.

  False
• If you wanted to label the states on this map, what would be the best way to do so?

  The best way to label the states would be to write the state names inside the outlined state boundaries.
• Match the solid with its use or location:

  Metal chairs ↔️ Classroom

  Wooden tables ↔️ Dining room

  Diamond ↔️ Jewelry
• How are the particles arranged in a liquid?

  Close but mobile
• The volume of a liquid changes depending on the container it is in.

  False
• What type of motion do particles in solids exhibit?

  Vibration
• What does a darker color on a US population density map indicate?

  Higher population density
• What are the fixed properties of gases?

  No fixed shape or volume
• What is an example of a solid that retains its size?

  Wooden block
• Particles in a liquid are tightly packed and cannot move.

  False
• What state of matter is depicted at the top of the image?

  Solid
• Match each state of matter with its corresponding shape:

  Solid ↔️ Fixed shape

  Liquid ↔️ Takes container shape

  Gas ↔️ Fills available space
• What does compressibility refer to?

  Volume reduction under pressure
• Match each state of matter with its particle arrangement:

  Solid ↔️ Regular, tightly packed

  Liquid ↔️ Close, irregular arrangement

  Gas ↔️ Random, far apart
• How do the particle arrangements differ between the three states of matter?

  • Solid: Particles are closely packed in a regular, ordered arrangement
  • Liquid: Particles are close together but not in a regular pattern, allowing them to flow
  • Gas: Particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
• Arrange the states of matter based on the freedom of movement of their particles

  1️⃣ Solid (least freedom)

  2️⃣ Liquid (intermediate freedom)

  3️⃣ Gas (most freedom)
• What are the characteristics of a solid state of matter?

  • Fixed shape and volume
  • Atoms/molecules are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions
  • Incompressible and difficult to deform
• What is an example of a solid found in a classroom?

  Metal chair
• What is the purpose of this blank outline map of the contiguous United States?

  It is likely used for educational or geographic purposes
• If you wanted to label the states on this map, what would be the best way to do so?

  Write the state names inside the outlined state boundaries
• What is the shape of the map shown?

  Outline of the contiguous United States
• What is a key property of liquids regarding volume?

  Fixed volume
• How would the compressibility of the three states of matter compare?

  • Solid: Least compressible
  • Liquid: Moderately compressible
  • Gas: Most compressible
• Solids are the least dense state of matter.

  False
• What process describes the transition from gas to liquid?

  Condensing
• What state of matter is depicted in the middle of the image?

  Liquid
• How are the particles arranged in a liquid?

  Close and disordered
• Order the states of matter from most dense to least dense.

  1️⃣ Solid

  2️⃣ Liquid

  3️⃣ Gas